如何看懂考研英语文章

发布时间:2022-05-10 16:08:53

如何看懂 考研 英语 文章

考研英语最重要的两个方面,第一是阅读第二是写作。那么,如何看懂考研英语文章?

一、文章主旨

文章主旨考查的是考生对中心思想的理解,考查内容可分为对文章中心和段落中心的考查。由考研文章本身的特点所决定,其难度不高,但解答的正确与否却相当关键,直接决定着本篇文章其他试题的解答。因此,此类试题一般属于必得分点。段落中心句往往位于段首或者段末,或体现段落的观点【有say,argue,must,should等标志词】,或体现段落的逻辑关系【对比和递进的逻辑关系为主】。在解文章中心时,使用最多,最有效的方法是串线法和中心词判定法。串线法要求考生能够将该篇文章每个段落的中心句串在一起,总结概括之后得出文章中心。通常情况下,正确答案中一定会涵盖文章的关键词【中心词】,且正确答案具有抽象、高度概括的特点,不涵盖绝对的肯定或否定的说法。而错误选项仅仅代表了文章的局部信息,或范围过宽。

二、作者态度

对作者态度的判断是构成阅读理解的两条宏观主线之一。因此,正确辨明作者对所叙述事物的态度,不仅关系到本类题型的解答,也潜在地影响到其他问题的正确解答。这类题目主要是从作者文中描述事物所用到的形容词、副词和动词等表达感情色彩的词汇或语句入手,尤其是系表结构的语句。通常情况下,作者的态度可以分为三类:正向态度、负向态度和中立态度。柴老师为大家总结了历年真题中常考的态度词,供大家进行积累和记忆。

积极类:rewarding, successful, supportive 【support】, favoring 【favor】, satisfaction 【satisfied】, enthusiastic, confident, optimistic, desirable, profound, appreciate 【appreciation】, understanding, approval, amazed, apprehensive, consent, sympathetic 【sympathy】

中立类:detached, impartial, objective 【objectiveness】, tolerant 【tolerance】, sensitive, cautiousness, subjective

消极类:fruitless, harmful, skeptical 【skepticism】, suspicion, biased, doubtful, puzzled, harmful, questionable, disapproval, indulgence, critical, contempt【contemptuous】, pessimistic, confused, panicked, opposition, indifferent【indifference】, disappointed, puzzling, disapproval, indignant

除此之外还有一些陪衬选项:indifferent 【indifference】, subjective, partial/biased, puzzled…,这些词汇往往都是干扰选项,不作为正确答案考虑。

考研英语如何看阅读文章

▶2008年text1

第一段:While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.该段有两句话,首句话有关键词while,表转折让步,因此着重把握后半句,女人在一方面是超越男人的。接下来是研究者的话也是很重要的,跟男人相比,女人在面对压力时更容易沮丧和焦虑不安。

第二段首句:Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 该句话在说荷尔蒙使得女人产生更多激发压力的化学物质。

中间各段落【浏览】三:Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.该句是说女人有更多机会产生压力。四:Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.除了上边两段分别讲了化学物质量不同、机会多少不同,该段又阐述了另一个不同。五:Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college.这是个关于压力大的女人的例子。

末段:Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.该段要注意but这一关键词,又是在重申女人们承受着诸多压力,并建议要及时纾解压力。

因此,总结来看,这篇文章首先提出结论--解释原因【三方面,并举例说明主题】--解决办法。这样在做主题题目时,就会易如反掌。

25、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress.

A选项在讲方法,而涉及到办法的只有最后一段简单提及一下,并没有全篇论述;

C是涉及到原因的,但只涉及到三方面原因之一;

有争议的是AD选项,都涉及到男女对待压力的不同,而相对于A选项,D还更加强调了女性,因此结合文章首尾段的观点,这是比A概括更全面的答案。

▶2010年text2

第一段:Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.Amazon. com received one for its“one-click”online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.该段是总分结构,第一句引领全段,后三句是三个小例子支撑第一句。看完第一句,千万别觉得是文章主题。从这要明白,不是所有文章都是在首段出现主题,一二段交接处很关键。

第二段首句:Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.要注意时态的变化,首段是现在完成时,这段笔尖一转,用了一般现在时态,并且内容是就首段的现象采取措施,关键的词语是scale back,下边的定语从句就不是那么重要了。这一句话同样也是文章的主题。

中间各段落【浏览】三:Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because......关键词curb on对应的是scale back,即对于这些专利的减少和限制。原因是细节,我们暂且不看。四:The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.看到case,这是一个例子,我们做到心里有数就可以。

末段:The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions”that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court”says Harole C.wegner, a patent attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.该段首句并没有实质性的内容,而第二句又在重申话题---narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders,narrow沿袭上边的scale back和curb on。往下看,是涉及到例子的不用看。

因此,总结来看,这篇文章这样进行的构架:1、现象的现状:over the past decades,.....2、要发生的变化:scale back/curb on/例子/narrow down。要注意主题从二段开始,并且注意时态是个转变的信号。这样在做主题题目时,就会易如反掌。

30、 Which of the following would be the subject of the text?

[A] A looming threat to business--method patents

[B] Protection for business--method patent holders

[C] A legal case regarding business--method patents

[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents.

围绕着business--method patents来说,从关键词scale back/curb on/例子/narrow down可以非常迅速排除B这一相反选项--protection;

而C是个例子不能够概括文章主题;

剩下AD,方向是对的,错在细节把握上,一个是looming【隐约出现的】,一个是prevailing【盛行的】,所以单词的记忆还是很关键的,这一趋势刚刚开始,并未大范围开展。

▶2008年text3

第一段:In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association 【NBA】 listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.该段有三句话,一二句话从时间上进行对比,说明现今NBA里个子高的人很多;第三句话是对这一现象的总结,身高变化了,因此想着要改变统一制服的尺寸以适应身高的变化。千万不要被这一段迷惑,主题远不是如此。

第二段首句:The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.该句话一定注意转折词though,上述现象掩盖了一个事实:美国人停止增长了---这才是文章的主旨。

中间各段落【浏览】三:Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients notably, protein to feed expanding tissues.这句话在说人的身体增长考的是一些营养物质。这是属于细节内容。四:Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.该段是说长得没有那么高还是有好处的,接下来肯定是具体阐述好处。

末段:Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”句首的but表明身高在基因上不会尽快发生变化,因此接下来又接着阐述制服短期内不用改变,总之是在围绕第二段的主题人的身高基本停止增长这一主题在说。

因此,总结来看,这篇文章首先摆出例子【但与主题相反】---though引出主题---论述主题---重申主题。这样在做主题题目时,就会易如反掌。

35. The text intends to tell us that______

[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.

[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.

[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.

[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.

全文在围绕人身高停止增长,很容易选出C;

A选项说到人体身高的变化遵循周期;

B在说人的身高是具有可预测性的,涉及到预测的只有末段,而且说得是要想预测参照最近身高标准就行;D说法错误。

▶2010年text4

第一段:Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.首段依旧在阐述一个现象,指出了两方的矛盾,bankers和the accounting standard-setters,一般涉及到两方矛盾的,总能体现出作者的态度,一般在下文会有提示信息。

第二段首句:Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working.对于这种需要鉴别作者态度的文章,要认真揣摩关键词的隐含意义,比如Unfortunately,银行一方的游说起作用了,这是表明作者站在另一方的立场。

中间各段落【浏览】三:After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board 【FASB】 rushed through rule changes.四:European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board 【IASB】 do likewise.在三四段我们浏览的时候回模糊的看到有两个机构的出现,并且都采取了类似的做法,而做法是针对rule change的,出现rule是在第一段,由accounting standard-setters制定的,显然这两个机构的做法是站在bank的立场。五:It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.这里明显出现了作者的态度,是银行错误,还用了强调句加以说明。

末段:To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.这段在论述作者提出的解决办法,更多针对的是bank一方,还提及这两个机构之前做法欠妥。

因此,总结来看,这篇文章结构:指出两派矛盾:bank & accounting standard-setters---unfortunately【暗含作者态度】---两个机构针对一方【accounting standard-setters】---亮出作者态度【banks were wrong】---解决办法。该篇文章未涉及到主题题目,但是对于主题的把握也有助于其他题目的解答。

阅读文章要注意从整体上把握,这样才能避免读起考研英语文章来一头雾水。在做考研英语真题过程中,我们要多多总结各个文章的主题出现位置,为考试做好准备。

这一系列文章是从整体上让大家把握,比较详实,抛砖引玉,希望大家沿着这路数自己分析考研英语文章,抓主题,慢慢来,欲速则不达。

考研英语复习建议

一、写给所谓的英语“渣”

很多人在决定考研的时候都瞻前顾后,尤其是担心自己的英语基础薄弱,会导致最后的战败。

►在中国的应试教育体制下,你能考上大学,就说明你英语可以,无论你四年大学如何、如何荒废,你的英语底子还是在的,所以这种情况下,信心就是相当重要了。

►考研英语不同于四、六级,两者的考察套路是不同的,四、六级考不过很大部分原因是败给了听力,而考研初试是不考听力的。每年都要大批四级不过的考生,考研英语居然可以考到60+,当然成功离不开自身的各种努力。

考研英语实质上只有两大块——阅读与写作。从现在开始到2016年的12月份,只要你踏踏实实记忆单词,认认真真练习真题,等待你的只有成功。

没有谁规定考研是专门为学霸设立的,也没有谁注定是一辈子的英语学渣,所谓的英语渣,我们要做的就是相信自己,然后按部就班复习,足矣!

二、写给视英语为大敌的艺术考研党

考研英语是研究生考试的拦路虎,更有大批的艺术考生败在英语上,虽然考研英语对艺术生的分数要求不高,但打算备战17考研的艺术青年要在没有深学英语的基础上保证英语过线也不是件容易之事。

►尽早确定一家高质量辅导机构指导自己备考

由于艺术生将大量时间花费在艺术专业课方面,英语基础自然要比普考生要差很多。从基础抓起是艺术生考研过线的保证。从现在到2017考研,将近一年的时间,考生可以规划好时间,从基础学习、强化练习一直学到最后的冲刺。这一过程,不仅能学到英语知识,更能得到学习计划的制定、好习惯的养成,为复试做准备。

►艺术类考生要考生抓大放小

考研英语主要考察两大块——阅读与写作,共70分。通过记忆单词和真题练习,攻克阅读;最后冲刺阶段,考生可以将重点转移到作文上来,通过提前准备模板和万能句,写作高分并不是难以企及的,起码英语过线不再是难事。

三、写给世间最苦X的在职考研党

在职生备战考研最大的障碍就是时间紧张,每天不仅要被工作忙的焦头烂额,还要加班加点复习。同时,大多数在职生的英语都已经搁置了很久,重新拾起确实不易。

►零敲碎打,记忆单词

在职人员确实没有整块时间用来复习,针对单词的记忆就要落实在平时的细碎时间里。上、下班的路上,午休的空闲,晚上加完班以后……只能利用这些时间来一点一点攻克英语。

►借力辅导课程,提高备考效率

考虑到在职生时间紧张的特点,建议大家选择网络课程,许多课程已经实现了在家、在单位、在路上都能学习的可能,只要有网络的地方就有课堂。不必专门拿出时间挤公交乘地铁的跑去占座上课,同时,在辅导课程中专业的辅导老师会定期的为大家制定复习计划,知道考生复习。

►强调一点:自信心

每年都有很多在职生败在中途,备考的焦躁感让他们失去信心,中途弃考。其实完全没有必要这样,在职生的备考时间虽短,但如果效率高的话,一样可以取得考研胜利。

考研英语词汇怎样复习

时间

1、单词每天都要背,直到你一月份考完英语的那个下午,背了一轮再一轮;

2、单词在7月份之前一定背完第一遍,第二遍在8月份之前背完,然后依据自己的进度反复背,能背几轮是几轮;

3、第一遍背单词的时候,每天花上半个小时【允许正负十分钟】看单词书,第二遍、第三遍就可以每天只看单词书15分钟。这个时间是你专门用来看单词书的,在路上看卡片背单词的时间不计。

方法

1、拿出单词书,用手把单词后面的中文翻译蒙住,看英文单词是否认得,在两秒中之内认出,证明这个单词你已经很熟悉了,可以不再理它。两秒之内认不出来的或者印象很模糊的又或者根本不认识的,请你用彩色笔在这个单词上做好记号。

2、第一轮背单词时候,一天背半个小时,在结束这半个小后,请去买些色纸【要有一定硬度,方便携带】,将它们剪成均匀的小长条形,然后把你用彩色笔做了记号的单词抄在上面,色纸有两面,一面写英文,一面写中文,把它们放在一个小袋子里。在去上课的途中、下课的途中、课间,去吃饭的时候,都翻出来背背,只看英文一面,看能不能快速反应出中文意思就可以了,如果不行,再看中文。这样,时间就化零为整。【注意:考研只要求你看到英文单词能够快速反应,不用做看着中文回想英文单词的这种训练。】

3、第二轮、第三轮背单词,也要一天背十几分钟的单词书,同时结合"卡片法"。一个单词有无数个意思,只记它的第一个意思,其余意思,在做真题的时候你会碰到,那时候再背也不迟。同时背下一个单词的几个意思,记忆负担大,效率不高。

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