考研英语必备长难句

考研 英语 必备长难句

在考研英语中常常会出现长难句，长难句是考研英语的一大难点。那么，考研英语必备长难句有哪些?

1. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.

2. This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise.

3. This overlooked the fact that the poor nations now can borrow the technologies of more developed nations, some of which will be readily adaptable to their own environments, and improve their techniques of production very rapidly.

4. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition, and even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions.

5. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

6. We have enriched our lives by creating physical mobility through the motor-car, the jet aeroplane, and other means of mechanical transport; and we have added to our intellectual mobility by the telephone, radio, and television.

7. He extends his own energies by the generation and transmission of power and his nervous system and his thinking and decision –making faculties through automation.

8. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

9. Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a great capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people and, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, the minds and feelings of children.

10. This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.

11. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishments cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

12. Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of the common people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive.

13. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant –not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.

14. Proponents believe that may permanently change the baby's structure, functioning and metabolism, setting it up to be more vulnerable than normal to the development in adulthood of heart disease and related disorders such as high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes.

15. Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of arts that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.

16. New forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

17. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.

18. Few changes in the domestic American economy in the postwar period appear to me to be as significant and as inadequately recognized, particularly by national policy makers, as those changes—heavily influenced by technology—which increasingly bind the domestic economy to the rest of the world, and make it a more independent sub-element of a larger and more powerful economic system.

19. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

20. In a critique published this week in The Lancet medical journal, scientists conclude that the reported link between low birth weight and higher blood pressure later in life, an early cornerstone of the theory, may not be as strong as previously thought.

21. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage.

22. For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man.

23. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.

24. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.

25. In 1993, there was an explosion in a population of rodents in southwestern United States that spread hantavirus syndrome, a lung infection, after a drought that killed off the rodents' predators was quickly followed by heavy rains that expanded the rats' food supply.

26. She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down【使不突出】their visibility.”

27. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called "human nature."

28. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text.

29. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery.

30. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease.

31. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.

32. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over-weight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease.

33. Science fiction is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo from the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it.

34. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.

35. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.

36. As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.

37. Yet Walzer’s argument, however deficient, does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism—namely, that it brings to predominant positions those people who, however legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those important qualities which evoke affection or admiration.

38. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.

39. The theory, known as the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis, postulates that when a fetus is undernourished, it diverts resources to areas it really needs at the time, such as the brain, at the expense of organs it will need later in life, such as the lungs.

40. Whether the productivity gains that result from new industries based on new technology are properly reflected in the indices we use to measure productivity or not, each of these industries has given us a quantum jump in productivity, no matter how you choose to define it.

41. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctively important social science.

42. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Tailor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle’s.

43. The question of whether the decrease in plant fecundity caused by the spraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still remains unanswered.

44. President Bush, in a June 11 speech on global climate change, described as "fatally flawed" the 1997 treaty negotiated in Kyoto, Japan, by the United States and other industrial countries but later rejected by the Bush Administration.

45. Given the great expense of conducting such experiments with proper controls, and the limited promise of experiments performed thus far, it is questionable whether further experiments in this area should even be conducted.

46. One of the first measures proposed by president Franklin D .Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress.

47. As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.

48. If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem solving are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems.

49. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.

50. It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.

考研英语长难句备考建议

一、简单句

考研英语长难句的翻译中，若是简单句，无非就是考察定语、同位语、插入语和状语。只要我们能在阅读过程中识别出它们的存在，并分别对症下药，相信一切问题都将迎刃而解。

在这里特别要说几个处理方式：

1、定语采取的是前置和拆分。

2、同位语和插入语采取的是跳读。

3、状语采取的是剥离。

例如：A lateral move that hurt mypride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relativelyhigh profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister,i covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".

[分析] 本句中，a lateral move 是主语，prompted 是谓语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professionalprogress 是 a lateral move 的定语， although，... with my family 是状语，其中逗号之间的 in the manner of a disgraced government minister 是插入语。

[译文] 一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称“我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起”来掩盖我的退出。

二、非简单句

非简单句是指含有一套以上主谓结构且句子中成分是句子构成的，如并列句、主从复合句。相对比较复杂，需要同学们多加练习，熟悉这类句子的特征并掌握其分析方法。

例如：A poem line describes a fight between a Turkish and aBulgarian officer on a birdge off which they both fall into the river.

[分析] 这个句子是一个典型的定语从句，句子的的拆分点是off，which指代前面的名词birdge，这样这个句子就分成了两个句子：

1、A poem line describes a fight between a Turkish and aBulgarian officer on the birdge.

2、They both fall into the river off the bridge.

面对非简单句，化繁为简是最直接有效的办法。

考研英语长难句分析

为了使分析更有针对性，我们不但剖析了英语长难句的基本句型，而且对近年来考研英语试题中出现的典型长难句进行了分析。

长难句基本句型

近几年，考研英语出现了很多难句。并且这些难句主要是长难句。长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。下面分别对这四种方式一一解析。

▶一、复合从句

在考研中，复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。复合从句可分为简单复合从句和复杂复合从句。本文将分词作状语和定语也归入从句范畴，当作一种更为灵活的从句形式。这种语法处理，并不是从语言学研究角度进行的，而是从教学角度出发做出的从简处理。

【一】简单复合从句

简单复合从句可以分为套用从句和并列从句两种。套用从句，其实是最简单的长难句。这类句子就像一根锁链，只要抓住句子的各个连接点，理出句子层次，就完全可以把握住。

在翻译定语从句时，“这【些/个】”常用来作为拆分句子的必用手段。阅读时，定语从句一般可以跳过，实在不放心可以略读。一般情况下，考研基本上不会在这种从句中有出题点。

并列从句大致有四种情况：并列从句修饰主语、谓语和宾语。也就是说并列从句一般作定语或状语。其实，并列从句和并列短语在语法功能上完全相同，只不过并列从句一般较长，会使考生在阅读中渐忘句子结构。

并列从句修饰主语，就是说并列从句作状语。这种句子很简单。翻译时，可以直译，把从句作定语，直接放在主语前面。如果从句很长，可以使用复指代词。另外，翻译从句先行词时，要注意词性的转换，比如hope/suggest之类的词有名动两种译法。考生要切忌拘于词性。

并列从句修饰谓语就是说这些从句作状语。一般情况下，这些从句都不完整，多为现在分词短语和过去分词短语。事实上，现在分词短语和过去分词短语作状语或者定语，都可以看作是从句的一种更加灵活的表达方式。

并列从句修饰宾语。宾语有两种，一种是单纯宾语，另一种是介宾结构中的准宾语。单纯宾语指在句中作宾语成分;准宾语指在介词后面的宾语。

并列从句修饰单纯宾语的句子结构很清晰，阅读难度不大，但翻译有些难度。并列从句修饰准宾语的就比较难了。因为后面有很长的介词短语会使考生在阅读中忘记句子前面的意思。

【二】复杂复合从句

复杂复合从句，就是说这些句子不是单纯的复合从句。复杂复合从句主要是因为句子中出现省略，插入和倒装等形式，从而加大了句子的难度。这也是考研英语为了加大难度常用的方式。在复杂复合从句中出现的省略一般主要是语法省略，语用省略一般很少。出现插入语，其实是指这些词或短语的插入，使句子语法成分的联系打断，句子的整体性受到冲击，从而影响了句子的理解。

复杂复合从句中出现的插入语一般都是分词形式或者介宾结构。翻译时，一般多可以翻为状语，有时也可以翻为定语。出现倒装时，越短的句子越难。因为可以参考的信息很少。这种句子可以先把从句和先行词用一个代词替换，然后进行语序恢复。

背诵例句：

1、Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

译文：许多专家认为：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里长大，而这些刺激物能够开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个儿童将会有得到更好的智力发展。

2、How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability，and approlpriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.

译文：这些预测在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能。

3、Immediately the army opened fire, killing four men and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.

译文：部队突然开了火，打死四人，还有一人受伤。后来此人也因伤势过重死去。

4、The king, whose power is unlimited, and whose treasures surmount all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, by the construction of the Great Wall， the satiety of dominion and tastelessness of a pyramid ，the satiety of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure.

译文：那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王，只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木。

5、Our hope for creative living in this worldhouse that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives.

译文：我们希望富有创造性地生活在我们继承的这个世界中，这种希望存在于我们重新建立道德标准的能力之中。

6、To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.

译文：在我们看来，成功者不管作为个人还是社会的一份子，他的真实表现都是可靠、灵敏、和真诚。

▶二、成分省略

语言有个节省性原则。成分省略，主要是为了避免重复。一般的成分省略多为主语省略和谓语省略。这种省略属于语法省略。但考研中一般是语用省略，也就是说是为了某中具体的表达目的而采取的省略。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子变得富有变化和难于把握。但省略句也有一些出现频率很高，因此需要熟记。

背诵例句：

1、It is quite unevering not to be able to see or to establish contact with the others, even though we have learnt to talk with people we can not see, as on the telephone.

译文：即使我们适应了打电话这种看不见对方的交谈方式，这种看不见也触摸不到对方的对话还是让人感到很不自在。

2、To American, being on ones’sown means that one is a fulling dependent functioning part of the whole capableand willing to make choices.

译文：对美国人来说，个人的自立就是指这个人在集体中完全独立并且又能发挥作用。他有能力而且也愿意在做出自己的选择。

3、In their hearts, women think it is men's business to earn money and theirs to spend it—if possible during their hunsband's live, but, at any rate, after his death.

译文：女人们从心底认为：挣钱是男人的事情，女人只管话花钱——可能的话丈夫在世时就花;不行的话，那就在丈夫去世后再花。

4、I can`t accept this fact because I know that if I wasn`t able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have either.

译文：我可以接受这个事实，因为我明白如果我都不能避免出错，那么其他的外科大夫出错也就难免了。

5、 With strong will, men can move mountain and fill seas.—and have.

译文：凭借坚强的意志，人类能够移山填海。而事实上人类已经做到。

6、The war finally came to an end, but not before hundreds of thousands of people had died.

译文：战争终于结束，但却是在千万人在战争中丧生之后才结束。

▶三、使用插入语

插入语，是因为分裂了句子的结构而得名的，所以，这个术语主要是从语法功能角度出发提出的，对语法形式没有多大考虑。插入语一般是主谓结构或者介宾结构。使用插入语主要是为了调整语气和增加补充信息，并且更主要目的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻。插入语是主谓结构，一般都是“sb say/reason/suggest”这种格式，阅读问题不大，翻译时要提到句首。

插入语是介宾结构也是如此处理。定语从句和分词做定语时，如果是插在主谓结构之间也可以看作是插入语。考研翻译中出现最多的插入语是用破折号插入的新话题或者补充信息。这种插入标志很明显，只是翻译处理会有些棘手。另外，因为一些句子成分【一般是定语】过长而出现后置，也可看作是插入现象。只不过这种插入只是句子原有成分间的位子变化，没有新增成分。

背诵例句：

1、Science moves forward , they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

译文：他们说，科学的进步与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于诸如改进的技术 和工具等更为普通的东西。

2、Those，unaware of what is happening in society today may be surprised to learn that few academic philosophers study death, happiness and so on.

译文：那些人不了解当今社会发生的事情，所以发现现在的哲学家很少研究死亡和幸福之类的东西时会感到奇怪。

3、Most experts see in this a paradox —— an endless conflict between the desire to conform and the desire to remain apart.

译文：大多数专家都从中看到一种矛盾，即从众的欲望和试图与众不同的欲望之间的绵延不断的冲突。

4、Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently—this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done ——is not being civilized.

译文：即使善于驱使别人去为自己打仗，并且告诉他们怎样打才最有效——这毕竟是征服者和将军们干过的事——也不能称其为文明行为。

5、Demonstrations are being staged in the town. where opposition is mounting to the construction of a nuclear waste storage plant near the river.

译文：这个城市不断发生示威**，而且这种反对在河边建造核废料储存厂的呼声日高涨。

▶四、改变语序

改变语序，一般指倒装。倒装分为语法倒装和修辞倒装。考研难点一般在修辞倒装。修辞倒装主要是为了强调，一种是强调句子的表达重心，一种是强调一种表达语气，比如命令语气，假设语气【虚拟语气的倒装属于此类】疑问语气和否定语气。这些倒装常和一些连词或者副词【如nor/so/only/never/until等】密切相关。下文所举例子基本是从这个角度出发选择出来的。

背诵例句：

1、So involved with the book do the boy become that his mother often have to force him to break.

译文：那男孩对这本书如此着迷，以至于他的母亲不得不总强迫他停下。

2、Only after studies provided evidence ofthe harmful effects of this program， has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.

译文：除非研究提供证据表明这个节目有不良影响，否则电视节目的播放政策不会改变。

3、Lonely was seeing his son only once amonth since the divorce.

译文：离婚后，他每月只能看儿子一次。这使他感到孤独。

4、Scientists do not know exactly how the virus damages the immune system， nor do they understand why the natural antibodies developed to destroy the virus are ineffective.

译文：科学家们迄今未能确定这种病毒破坏免疫系统的机理，他们也不明白旨在破坏这种病毒的天然抗体为什么无效。

5、And never before has it been so undeniable that mutually beneficial international institutions of cooperation are a vitalglobal necessity.

译文：过去人们从来没有这么坚信各国互利的国际合作机构是全球不可或缺的要素。

6、The material destruction of the war was not so great but that it could by this time have been repaired, had a good peace been made without delay.

译文：假若当时立即恢复了和平，战争在物质方面的破坏无论怎样大，到一也能够得到修复了。

7、He wrote a novel, and no sooner did he have the synopsis of a story, but he would invite a crowd of his friends outdoors and read it aloud to them.

译文：他写小说时刚刚构思出剧情轮廓就赶紧邀请一群朋友到野外，然后把剧情梗概大声地念给他们听。

考研英语长难句如何复习

1. 寻找谓语动词

如果找到了谓语动词，就说明有句子存在。那么，如何寻找谓语动词呢?记住：有时态的动词就一定是谓语，但是要弄清非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。接着，顺着谓语动词往前找，如果有引导词存在的话，说明这个谓语动词所在的句子就是个从句，再根据引导词前的单词判定这是个什么从句：

1】 如果引导词前面是个名词，则要根据情况来判断是定语从句还是同位语从句;

2】 如果引导词前面是实义动词，说明这个从句是宾语从句;

3】 如果引导词前面是系动词，说明这个从句是表语从句;

4】 如果谓语动词前面是状语从句的引导词，说明这个从句是状语从句;

如果顺着谓语动词往前找，却没有引导词，说明这是主句的谓语动词，那么它的前面就是主语，后面就应该是宾语或表语了。

真题再现：This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in，a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a lossinl989.【2005 年英译汉】

2. 寻找并列连词

常见的并列连词有：and，but，yet，or，so，for，not only…but also…，neither…nor，to get her with 等等。有这些单词的句子里一般就有并列结构存在，并且很可能存在着省略现象，因此注意要推断出省略的成分。

真题再现：They are the possessions of the autonomous【self-governing】 man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 【2002 年英译汉】

3. 寻找引导词

从句就是”引导词+句子”，所以，找到引导词就找到了从句，再根据引导词前的单词确定其是什么从句。

名词性从句的连接词：that，what【ever】，who【ever】，where，when，why，how，whether. . . or not 等。

定语从句的关系代词和关系副词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，when，where，why 等。

状语从句的关系连接词：when，while，as，though，although，where，even if 等。

真题再现：Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind， and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 【2004 年英译汉】

4. 寻找名词

一般的长句子中，名词一般作主语或宾语，其后一般都有修饰限定成分，即定语或同位语。

真题再现：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we call expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 【2001 年英译汉】

5. 确认非谓语和独立主格结构

-个句子的主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是要有独立的谓语部分。do/does 和is/am/ are 的各种时态变化都可以作谓语，但是单纯的to do/doing/done 和to be/being 的形式是不可以作谓语的。一个看似句子的结构。如果没有独立的谓语部分，那它就不是一个句子，而是分词短语或者独立主格结构。

经典例句：With as many as 120 varieties in existence，discovering how cancer works is not easy。

6. 确认各种复杂结构

英语复合句中存在很多的复杂结构，如倒装、强调、省略、插人等等。首先要了解认识这些结构的特点， 其次要会确认和应对。比如说插人结构，读句子时，先不要理会插入语，先把主句的意思看完。然后再看插入部分。

经典例句：Today，stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn，among other things，that you might-surprise! -fall off.