怎样做雅思阅读

发布时间:2022-05-12 15:44:13

怎样做雅思阅读

1. 浏览文章的必要性

浏览文章是雅思阅读的必备策略。做题时,通常先阅读题目,然后通过题目中的关键词到文章中定位,最后找到答案。但是若遇到某些题型,单纯依靠定位就不合时宜了,即使侥幸做对,那也是自欺欺人。

例如目前颇有大展其鼓之势的段落细节配对题。简而言之,此题型就是出题者给出一个细节,然后要求答题者找出细节所在的相应段落。若用定位法,势必整段逐行搜寻,耗时耗力,效率等同于通读全文,更何况有时还未必能找到题干中的相同词语,而是需要靠做题者自己去归纳。

例如“剑四”52页30题题干“a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play”,在文章相关段落中很难甄别出上述信息。还有T/F/NG题中,虽然题目顺序与原文答案出现顺序一般保持一致,但也不能完全排除顺序打乱的情况出现,例如“剑五”19页8-13题。要做出这些题,那就非读文章不可了。

2. 结构阅读法

那么雅思文章该怎么读呢?首先,我们来看看雅思权威考官Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell两位专家是怎么说的:

“When you go to university or college you may be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you are expected to do. You will have to do a lot of this reading on your own and you will need to be able to read discriminatingly. This means you will need to have the skills required to focus in on the information that is important to you and to skim through the information that isn’t.”

按照他们的说法,雅思阅读就是考察学生在读长文章时筛选信息的能力,即read discriminately,知道哪些是重要信息必须细读,哪些是无用的,可以忽略。雅思考题的设计思路不仅是为了测试考生的语言水平,更在于帮助考生培养起一套适合英联邦大学教学观念的学习方法。

在英国念文科的同学都会有这样一种共识,那就是一学期要看很多书,写很多essay,有的同学虽然很刻苦,整日地泡在图书馆里做书虫,但还是读不完reading list中的必读书。再对比周围英国同学,他们不见得比我们刻苦,却很能掉书袋,写出的essay理论功底更深。

学习效率的高低正是由阅读方法的差异造成的。中国学生从小接受英语精读教学,咬文嚼字,看书喜欢一页页地细嚼慢咽。就个人阅读习惯而言,这种读法无可厚非,但若是做学问,这就不是正确的方法了。而英国学生读书,总是先浏览目次、摘要等信息,然后阅读索引,找寻需要的信息,所以他们一本书通常读一天甚至于几小时就够了。同样雅思的文章,也没必要逐字逐句的读,而是要了解作者行文时的构思以及写文章要达到的目的。如果做题前就能对文章的思路了如指掌,那就好比站在了作者的高度,定位时也就不会出现无的放矢的碰运气了。

有的同学也许会有这样的疑问,雅思文章题材五花八门,行文艰深晦涩,要看懂都不容易,怎样能在几分钟内,梳理出作者的写作思路呢?对于这个问题我们知道,雅思文章的学术性虽然决定了它的深度,但另一方面也决定了相对固定的文章结构。

因为学术是严谨的,在形式上它有一套严格的规范【the established academic caliber】。就学术范畴的文章而言,其观点可以犀利独到,但论证必须缜密,所以文章层次结构相比起他体裁是稳定的。换言之,学术文章有点八股文的味道。那么我们就可以利用这点迅速掌握文章结构继而掌握思路了。

雅思复习资料阅读长难句

1. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.【剑5, Test 1 passage 3】

分析:本句主句为“The best estimates are that…”; “that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.”为that引导的表语从句,做are的表语; “causing considerable problems”为现在分词短语做伴随状语。

2. Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.【剑5, Test 1 passage 3】

分析:本句中“Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem”为介词短语作让步状语;其中“that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem”为that引导的同位语从句,做the intuition的同位语;“economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.”为本句的主句,其中“it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.”为宾语从句,做show的宾语,引导词省略,it为形式主语,后面的不定式为真正的主语。

3. It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. 【剑5, Test 1 passage 3】

分析:本句主句为“It is crucial that we look at the facts”; 其中It为形式主语,“that we look at the facts”为that引导的主语从句,是该句子真正的主语;“if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future”为if引导的条件状语从句。

4. Some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.【剑5, Test 2 passage 1】

分析:本句的主句为“Some are ‘thermoplastic’”; “which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.”为定语从句,做‘thermoplastic’的定语,关系词为 which; 在此定语从句中“that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.” 为that引导的宾语从句,做means的宾语;“when heated”为过去分词短语做状语,做they melt的时间状语。

5. Baekeland’s interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol 【carbolic acid】 combines with an aldehyde 【a volatile fluid similar to alcohol】. 【剑5, Test 2 passage 1】

分析:本句的主句为“Baekeland’s interest in plastics began”; in 1885为时间状语,而“when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins”为定语从句,做1885的定语,关系词为when; “the group of sticky substances”为phenolic resins的同位语;“produced when phenol 【carbolic acid】 combines with an aldehyde 【a volatile fluid similar to alcohol”为过去分词短语做定语,做the group of sticky substances的定语,而“when phenol 【carbolic acid】 combines with an aldehyde 【a volatile fluid similar to alcohol】.”为when引导的时间状语从句。

6. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today. 【剑5, Test 2 passage 1】

分析:本句的主句为“Baekeland took out his famous patent”, “On 13 July 1907”为时间状语;“describing this preparation”为现在分词短语做定语,做his famous patent的定语;“the essential features of which are still in use today”为同位语,做this preparation的同位语;而其中“of which are still in use today”为定语从句,做features的定语,关系词为which。

7. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became solule and malleable when heated. 【剑5, Test 2 passage 1】

分析:本句的主句为“The result was a resin”; “known as Novalak”为过去分词短语做定语,做resin的定语;“which became solule and malleable when heated.”为定语从句,做Novalak的定语,关系词为which; “when heated”为过去分词短语做状语,在该定语从句中做时间状语。

雅思阅读如何提升

1. 提高词汇量

这一点毋庸置疑,对于所有学生都是一样的要求。雅思阅读所考察的词汇特点为:多、杂、有高频、有出题套路、词汇掌握要求低。

多:毕竟是1200字左右的文章。不同于其他科目,雅思阅读只考三篇,但字数的压力不小。既然是由词汇组成的文章,任何脱离词汇去做好题的说法基本是行不通的。雅思阅读一句话要认识百分之多少的词汇才能读懂这句话?

雅思培训官给出的答案是70%-80%, 这和国内宣扬的某些“无词阅读法”大相径庭。

BC这个要求略高,但思考这个数据,BC对考生的期望可能更多的是对文章的理解,和对词汇意思的把握。这一理念结合国内学生的普遍词汇状况,笔者认为有必要多多强调阅读词汇的记忆。

杂:雅思阅读涉及不同的话题,涉及到各种各样的话题词汇。

雅思阅读频繁涉及的话题是:动植物类、历史类、生命科学类、教育类。其他相对涉及较少的话题有:文化类、科技类和科考类。可见雅思阅读要求学生涉猎的范围很广,要求掌握各类话题的词汇。

有高频:高频词汇是题库里一直考察的单词。雅思作作工坊会给学生们总结一些高频词汇表,每个单词附上阅读里常考的一到两个意思。掌握了高频词,做题时会轻松很多。高频词汇的总结来自于剑桥系列文章的每一题,总结时发现很多考察的单词在重复,考生要从词汇上摸清雅思的套路。

有出题套路:这一点能体现在同义互换上。同义互换是雅思阅读出题的重点,除了高频词之外,对同义互换的熟悉也决定了做题速度和正确率。同义互换不仅体现在单词上,也有大量的词组的互换,需要考生关注,了解同义互换的思维。

词汇认知要求:不需要运用【非输出】,只需要认识。这一点和听力、写作、口语相比,在词汇上的要求大大降低。不需要准确的拼写和发音,更不需要去表达成口语和文字,考生需要的只是看到英文反应出常考的中文意思。

2. 提做题量

有不少童鞋【基础各不相同】会问同一个问题:我需要做多少本剑桥书?刷一遍够吗?是的,刷题很重要,但不是刷完所有剑桥或者刷到答案全记住就能计划证了。即使只做3本剑桥,36篇文章限时完成,把更多精力放在错题订正和解析上,才是正确的刷题方法。在这点上,不少考生存在误区。但是对于基础较差的同学,量一定要计划证,做完剑4到剑13是必须的。

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