雅思写作官方范文大全

雅思官方范文均由雅思考官审定，是权威的雅思写作官方题库范文大全。那你知道雅思写作官方范文有哪些吗?

雅思写作官方范文大全篇一：离婚率

Increasing Divorce Rates: Is China Facing a Marriage Crisis?

The traditional Chinese concept that “a peaceful family will prosper” seems to be coming under fire of late, given the recent marriage statistics. 2009 saw over 1.2 million Chinese couples happily tie knot, though this number was overshadowed by the 1.96 million divorces in the same year. Since the 1970s, the divorce rate in China has been steadily increasing, with an estimated increase of 7.65% in the past five years.

An article entitled “High Celebrity Couple Divorce Rates” recently appeared in the Chinese media, which highlighted the fact that many Chinese celebrity couples divorced before their seventh wedding anniversary. The article stated: “Among the 30 celebrity couples around the world who divorced in 2012, 20 of them were Chinese.” Amid this broad discussion on the increasing divorce rate in China, a survey revealed that the divorce rate for couples aged between 22 and 35 in Beijing and Shanghai is over one third. What exactly has been the key factor affecting marriage in China? Could it be problems regarding children, money, or even love itself?

More recently a “Chinese Romantic Happiness” survey, conducted by Tsinghua University and society magazine Inside China, asked various couples what their thoughts on marriage were.

According to the survey, the top ten factors affecting the happiness of a marriage were: emotional attraction, communication, the willingness to understand each other, loyalty, children, income, sex life, relationship of mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, family relations, housing, and housework. Among the couples surveyed, 59% stated they were “relatively happy,” 17.7% said they were “very happy,” 14.2% said it was “hard to say,” whilst only 8.6% stated they were “not too happy,” or “very unhappy.” The statistics regarding happy couples were 4.8% higher than numbers from 2011. The survey also revealed that couples in their first three years of marriage were the happiest, while couples married for seven to ten years were found to have the lowest rates of happiness.

Despite its growing acceptance in Chinese society, affairs are obviously potential marriage killers. In light of the survey, Inside China magazine stated that cheating was ranked as the number one reason for divorce, rated 17.5% higher than the second cause, domestic violence.

In summary, according to this survey, it does still appear that marriage in China is still a reasonably successful institution. Only 22.5% of those surveyed stated that they had experienced trouble in their marriage, and only 0.5% of said they had been through a divorce.

雅思写作官方范文大全篇二：老龄化

Main Impacts of an Ageing Population

One of the great achievements of the twentieth century is a dramatic rise in life expectancy. For examples, life expectancy in the US has increased from 45 in 1902 to 75.7 in 2004 . However, increased life expectancy combined with declining birth rates have caused many to worry about the cost of an ageing population. Frequently, we hear about ‘demographic time bombs’ and the fear future generations will struggle to meet an ever increasing number of retired workers and pension commitments.

Increase in the dependency ratio

Increased government spending on health care and pensions. Also, those in retirement tend to pay lower income taxes because they are not working. This combination of higher spending commitments and lower tax revenue is a source of concern for Western governments - especially those with existing debt issues and unfunded pension schemes.

Those in work may have to pay higher taxes. This could create disincentives to work and disincentives for firms to invest, therefore there could be a fall in productivity and growth.

Shortage of workers. An ageing population could lead to a shortage of workers and hence push up wages causing wage inflation. Alternatively, firms may have to respond by encouraging more people to enter the workforce, through offering flexible working practices.

Changing sectors within the economy. An increase in the numbers of retired people will create a bigger market for goods and services linked to older people .

Higher savings for pensions may reduce capital investment. If society is putting a higher % of income into pension funds, it could reduce the amount of savings available for more productive investment, leading to lower rates of economic growth.

雅思写作官方范文大全篇三：男女平等

GENDER EQUALITY: A CORNERSTONE OF DEVELOPMENT

Gender equality is, first and foremost, a human right . Women are entitled to live in dignity and in freedom from want and from fear. Empowering women is also an indispensable tool for advancing development and reducing poverty.

Empowered women contribute to the health and productivity of whole families and communities and to improved prospects for the next generation. The importance of gender equality is underscored by its inclusion as one of the eight Millennium Development Goals. Gender equality is acknowledged as being a key to achieving the other seven goals.

Unconscious bias is particularly important as it arises from the implicit assumptions and unspoken attitudes, beliefs and expectations that we all have about others. Study after study has highlighted that both men and women have unconscious gender biases. For example, people view men as more capable leaders, men are rewarded more highly than women - just having a male name is more likely to get you the job. If you are a mother, your chances of getting the job are reduced by 70%. Overcoming stereotypes and unconscious bias can only be achieved if we are all willing to address our own immediate judgments and can put in place practices and procedures to mitigate their potential effects.

Yet discrimination against women and girls - including gender-based violence ,economic discrimination ,reproductive health inequities ,and harmful traditional practices - remains the most pervasive and persistent form of inequality. Women and girls bear enormous hardship during and after humanitarian emergencies , especially armed conflicts. For more than 30 years, the Fund has been in the forefront of advocating for women, promoting legal and policy reforms and gender-sensitive data collection, and supporting projects that improve women's health and expand their choices in life.

雅思写作官方范文大全篇四：社会道德

Social morality isthe set of social-moral rules that require or prohibit action, and so grounds moral imperatives that we direct to each other to engage in, or refrain from, certain lines of conduct.

Notice that Gaus emphasizes that he is not talking about the whole domain of the normative. Instead, his focus is on a particular kind of normativity, one that involvessocially practiced demands and imperatives.

An essential feature of social morality is that it serves a social function; it “has its roots in this requirement of social life.” The rules of social morality “structure social interaction.” Gaus emphasizes that social morality must have the practical function of making us better off: “certainly one of the things morality must do is allow us to live together in cooperative, mutually beneficial, social relations.”

The “Baier-Strawson” view of social morality is that social morality is a set of rules that allow us to live well together and that require our obedience. Social morality is contrasted with personal values or “individual ideals.” Social morality is comprised of rules that both “provide the conditions for the successful pursuit of these ideals” but also “simultaneously constrain our choices about how to pursue them.”

Social morality provides “the basis for issuing demands on others that they must perform certain actions.” Gaus contrasts this view of modern social morality with an ancient, Aristotelian teleological account of morality that understands moral rules in terms of the ends they promote.

For Gaus, social-moral rules have a prescriptive function. They have their home in our social practices. Gaus is clear to emphasize that he rejects the simple contrast between descriptivist and prescriptivist accounts of the semantics of moral statements. Instead, following R.M. Hare, he claims that many moral statements have both elements. This key feature of social morality makes social morality a social phenomenon. In other words, partof the essence of social-moral rules is that they are used to control others. We use moral rules to tell each other what to do. Morality, furthermore, makes “my action your business” because it assigns standing to you to make demands of me.

A critic might reply that the authority of morality is distinct from the authority of those who interpret it. But Gaus follows Hobbes and Kant in pointing out the fact that morality does not “fax its demands from above” but is instead often unclear. People disagree about what absolute or True morality consists in. As will become clear, social morality is a method of resolving disputes about what the True morality is. However, social morality’s claims must have authority that all can recognize despite their disagreements about what Morality-with-a-capital-M is. If social morality cannot ground authority despite disagreement about ultimate normativity then our social practices cannot be authoritative despite disagreement. The authority of social morality in a diverse world becomes impossible. But surely, Gaus suggests, this cannot be true.

The sixth feature of social morality is that it is constituted by claims of moral authority, but moral authority understood as “a claim to deference in judgment.” In its most fundamental mode, moral authority is the authority to demand that others follow your interpretation of Morality-with-a-capital-M. Moral authority “qua moral power” is important but this form authority is downstream from moral authority as a claim to deference in judgment.