雅思写作如何上6

雅思写作如何上6

写作应该是对所有中国人来说难度最大的一项了。这是因为写作对词汇、语法、逻辑思维都有相当高的要求。那么雅思写作如何上6呢?

Improve the Validity of Your Arguments

增强论点的有效性

The most immediate and obvious benefit from such a study is that it can allow you to improve the quality of the arguments you use. When you create logically unsound【不可靠的】 arguments, you are much less likely to convince people that you have a valid point to make, or get them to agree with you. Even if they are unfamiliar with logic, many people will realize that there is something wrong with some fallacious【谬误的】 arguments without being able to identify the fallacy involved.

建议童鞋们拿到题目后分要点列大纲，避免出现不能自圆其说的情况。此外，多举例，避免“假大空”。

View the Issue from Different Aspects

大家应该养成

多角度看问题的习惯

Ascend and closely related benefit will be an improved ability to evaluate the arguments of others. When you understand how arguments are supposed to be constructed and also how they should not be constructed, you will find all sorts of bad arguments out there. Although you may not realize it immediately,there are arguments all around us vying for【争夺】 our attention and acceptance. We hear arguments that we should buy car A rather than car B. We hear arguments that we should vote for politician Smith rather than for politician Jones. We hear arguments that we should adopt this social policy rather than that social policy. You have to be able to write down how you evaluate those arguments. If you can demonstrate that an argument is sound and valid, not only do you have reason to accept it, but you can also defend this acceptance.

建议大家应该学会用多角度看问题，不管你从哪个角度入手分析，都尽量不要完全100%否定与你相反的观点，高分作文更像是在arguing and persuading。也是我们在课堂上经常强调的critical thinking，所以大家尽量不要一边倒。而且呢，如果大家两方面考虑的话，是不是还能观点和内容也能想出和写出更多呢，是吧!

Improve Your Writing As Well As Your Speaking

提高逻辑思考还能提高口语

一举两得

A further benefit will also hopefully be an ability to communicate more clearly and effectively. Muddled【混乱的】 writing tends to come from muddled thinking, and that in turn tends to come from a poor understanding of what a person is trying to convey【表达】 and why. But when you know how an argument should and should not be presented, it will be easier to un-muddle those ideas and reform them into a stronger pattern.It is important to remember that clear,logical writing is only something that will come with practice. The more you read and the more you write, the better you will get - this isn't a skill that you can acquire passively.

写作逻辑性的提高也可以顺带为口语加分，口语考试时间虽短，逻辑性也是很重要的。

Practice Makes Perfect

熟能生巧

By reading and participating, you will have the opportunity to learn quite a lot. Skeptical inquiry about all topics requires an ability to use logic and argumentation effectively. Not all of the writing is of the highest caliber【水准】 in the beginning, of course, and not all of the topics are easy to write. But over time, you will see some very good argumentation on a wide variety of topics. Even some of the best writers readily acknowledge that their efforts in practice have improved their abilities to think and write on certain issues.

如何提高雅思写作能力

一、段落间的衔接是雅思写作考试的核心能力

句子排序是中文课本中非常常见的题型之一。这类题型的出题目的在于考察和培养学生对于句子衔接，段落间逻辑发展，内容呼应的理解和掌握。但是这种题型在英文语言学习中运用较少，其实，无论是中文还是英文阅写能力的培养有着相似处的。

我经过对考官范文和学生习作的研究，发现这一能力也是雅思写作考核的核心能力之一，也就是雅思评分标准中的 Coherence and Cohesion【连贯与衔接】。我通过钻研语言能力培养的过程，将这种题型运用到雅思写作中。这篇文章将列举 2个高分范文段落，进行句子排序和解析，让考生来学习雅思写作的衔接方法，从而借鉴和运用在自己的作文练习和考场上。

二、通过高分范文看段落衔接的方法

例 1：Task 2 Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people can study online. Is this a positive or negative development?

A. These learners may also lack the motivation and element of competition that face-to-face group work brings.

B. Similarly, students who study online do not come into direct contact with each other, and this could have a negative impact on peer support, discussion and exchange of ideas.

C. Students may not have the opportunity to engage face-to-face with their teachers, and will instead have to rely on written forms of communication.

D. The main drawback of the trend towards online university courses is that there is less direct interaction.

E. For example, whereas students on traditional courses can attend seminars and even discuss their subjects over coffee after lessons, online learners are restricted to chatting through website forum areas.

解析：

这是一段摘自 Simon考官完成的主体段落，但是句子的顺序被打乱。请考生们读一读上文 5句话。将它们进行顺序的重新整理，还原成一个段落。

如何判断第 1句? ——这个段落有 5句话组成,论证的是网络教学的缺点。由上文 D句中提到"main drawback" ，根据逻辑中由重要到次重要，由主到次的原则，我们可以判断并将其列为第 1句。

如何判断第 2和 3句?——由于第 1句提出网络教学的最大缺点是 less direct interaction,B句和 C句都是对这一缺点进行了阐述：网络教学让学生与老师之间和同学们之间都缺乏互动。 由于 B句中有 Similarly这样的连接词，说明 C句在前， B句在后。或者，也可以通过排除法，排除 A句和 E句。因为这两句分别有 also和 for example, 和第 1句衔接不顺畅。

如何判断第 4句? E句中 For example这个连接词，引出了网络教学中同学们缺乏互动的例子，作出解释，支持了第 3句。

如何判断第 5句? A句中 These learners指代参与网络教学的学生，是一种暗连接的方式，衔接了前文第 2，3，4句。另外 also表示递进。将 less direct interaction缺点进行进一步解释。

综上所述，正确的句子顺序是DC B E A

例 2：Task 2 It is inevitable that traditional cultures will be lost as technology develops. Technology and traditional cultures are incompatible. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

主体段第一段：

A. In pre-industrial Britain, generations of families grew up in the same small village communities.

B. Nowadays most British villages are inhabited by commuters, many of whom do not know their closest neighbours.

C. The communities had a strong sense of identity, due to their shared customs and beliefs.

D. Developments in transport, communications and manufacturing led to the dispersal of families and village communities as people moved to the cities in search of work.

F. The advances in technology that have driven industrialisation in developed countries have certainly contributed to the disappearance of traditional ways of life.

主体段第二段：

On the other hand, in some parts of the world traditional cultures still thrive. There are tribes in the Amazon Rainforest, for example, that have been completely untouched by the technological developments of the developed world. These tribal communities continue to hunt and gather food from the forest, and traditional skills are passed on to children by parents and elders. Other traditional cultures, such as farming communities in parts of Africa, are embracing communications technologies. Mobile phones give farmers access to information, from weather predictions to market prices, which helps them to prosper and therefore supports their culture. 【范文选自 Simon IELTS 】

解析：

通过第一个例子, 我们抓住连接词、指代关系、内容和逻辑的联系进行句子排序，理解高分范文中作者是如何进行句子衔接的。 接下来，我们将进行第二个例子的练习。第二个例子加大了难度，将连接词，指代关系进行了删减。换句话说，第一步，考生们只能通过内容和逻辑进行理解和排序。

如何判断第 1句：题目问的是科技和传统的关系。阅读这五句话，只有 E句综述了 advances of technology contributes to the disappearance of traditional ways of life.作为提纲挈领的中心句，选择 E.

如何判断第 2句: 剩下的四句话都是描写英国前工业时期状况和科技迅速发展之后的状况。根据时间发展顺序，可以判断 A句和 C句在B句和 D句的前面。从内容和逻辑上，C句中的 communities就指的是 A句末尾的 the small village communities. 所以得出 A句在前。

如何判断第 3句：C句。分析同前。

如何判断第 4句：就是考量 D句和 B句的先后关系。其中 B句中的 commuters指 D句中的 people who moved to the cities in search of work。所以 D放在 B之前。如何判断第 5句： B句。分析同前。

正确的顺序是: E A C D B

在进过对段落间的内容理解和逻辑分析，将句子排序之后，我们得出这样的“段落”。

The advances in technology that have driven industrialisation in developed countries have certainly contributed to the disappearance of traditional ways of life. In pre-industrial Britain, generations of families grew up in the same small village communities. The communities had a strong sense of identity, due to their shared customs and beliefs. Developments in transport, communications and manufacturing led to the dispersal of families and village communities as people moved to the cities in search of work.Nowadays most British villages are inhabited by commuters, many of whom do not know their closest neighbours.

不难发现，虽然逻辑通顺，内容相映衬，但是我们发现句子之间还是生硬的。第二步，经过合理添加连接词和指代，还原了考官的满分作文段落【注意有下划线部分】：

On the one hand, the advances in technology that have driven industrialisation in developed countries have certainly contributed to the disappearance of traditional ways of life. For example, in pre-industrial Britain, generations of families grew up in the same small village communities. These communities had a strong sense of identity, due to their shared customs and beliefs. However, developments in transport, communications and manufacturing led to the dispersal of families and village communities as people moved to the cities in search of work. Nowadays most British villages are inhabited by commuters, many of whom do not know their closest neighbours.

三、总结、思考和借鉴

经过这样环环相扣的句子衔接，我们最终还原了考官的满分范文中的段落。通过将两个考官范文段落句子打乱再排序，经过思考自己添加必要连接词和指代词的练习，深入学习考官范文中如何使用衔接方法。在这一练习之后，考生要将这一思维代入自己的平时习作中。读一读以往做的写作练习，是不是发现可以用一些方法进行改进?

怎样有效提高雅思写作成绩

1. 任务完成情况TR/TA

任务完成情况主要包括三个方面：内容【content】是否切题，立场【position】是否清楚并充分展开，结构【structure】是否清晰。

内容如何做到切题，关键在于审题时要看清楚题目的背景以及所提的问题，问什么则回答什么。如果答非所问，则属于没有切题;如果遗漏背景当中的信息，也属于没有切题。譬如：With the increasing use of mobile phones, fewer people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 这个题目的背景信息当中给出“write letters会消失”这么一个观点，但是同时也提到了mobile phones. 这个时候就需要同学们判断出mobile phones并非重点，相反地，重点在于writing letters是否会消失。判断依据可以是从主句和从句的位置出发，也可以是出现次数，或者两者结合。如果学生一直描述mobile phones的好处，但是忽略了讲出letters是否会消失，则也属于跑题。 另外，题目的提问也很清楚：Do you agee that writing letters will disappear completely? 属于“Agree”类的题，必须在开头明确表达立场，不能既同意又不同意，或者根本不给出自己的观点。

立场要做到充分展开需要有如下几个内容：Topic sentence以及解释或者是举例。T.S通常放在一段的句首，让考官一目了然‘解释或者是举例要根据学员的思维习惯以及考题结合而定，可以偏向解释也可以偏向举例，除非题目已经有所要求。

合理的文章结构通常由三大部分组成，即引言【introduction】、主体【body】和结论【conclusion】，写4-5段比较合理。对于讨论类以及报告类的话题，写成4段是合适的;对于Agree类别的话题，写4-5段都可以。

2. 连贯与衔接

文章的连贯性主要体现在段落与段落之间，句子与句子之间，分别称为coherence以及cohesion。

段落之间的“启”、“承”、“转”、“合”可通过表顺序的过渡词完成，譬如：

表示开始：first of all, in the first place, at the very beginning, to begin with, currently, at present, for one thing等。

表示承接：besides, further more, in addition, moreover, what’s more, meanwhile, apart from, as well as, similarly, in the same way等。

表示转折：however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand等。表示结论：in conclusion, in brief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall等。

句子之间的逻辑关系也要通过一些逻辑连词来完成，譬如：

表示原因：because 【of 】, accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as a result, as a consequence等。

表达观点：in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me, it is clear to me that, as far as I am concerned

举例说明：for example, for instance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just as, in particular等。

表示让步：although, in spite of, despite of, despite the fact that, regardless of等。

学生在使用这些连接词的时候要注意的是词性问题：because这样的词是连词，一定要连接句子;because of则要接名词性短语，或者名词本身。因此，还是强调用正确无比重要。

雅思阅读怎么提高最快

第一：积累写作词汇的语料库

备考阶段，要有意识地积累特殊的写作词汇。

雅思考试理论上要准备8000词汇，但是雅思写作的核心词汇只有几百个，却可以应付200多个雅思作文题目，所以我们要扎实地积累自己对于每一个给定话题的语料库。比如我们写肥胖问题，需要分析肥胖的原因和危害以及如何减肥，这时候你不但要有观点，还有懂得遗传基因、营养过剩、饮食习惯不良、缺乏锻炼， 有氧运动等相关词汇的英文表达方式。雅思经常考的一些文化类、环保性、犯罪类的题材。我们就应当有针对性的准备文化、环保、犯罪类的词汇，以建立自己的写作词汇语料库。同时学生也可以看一些剑桥雅思写作高分范文，看看其他人是怎样进行高分词汇的引用的。雅思写作老师能够帮助大家系统的复习，同学们还需要每天积累雅思写作模板。

第二步：积累分支观点支持句

面对茫茫题海，许多人感到茫然不知所措，全部话题都去准备，不切实际，时间和精力不够，不全面准备，心中又没底。这个棘手的问题如何解决?

我的建议是：第一，多积累主题观点句以及分支观点的支持句，多多积累和丰富自己对于给定话题的观点，使观点从无到有，从有到多，从多到精。第二，善于从不同的话题中找到有共性的通用论据。比如该不该拿小动物做实验，该不该建动物园，该不该吃它们的肉用他们的皮做衣服，这些问题的论据是可以通用的—— 动物是人类的好朋友;应该保护濒临灭绝的小动物;动物的生存权利不应该被剥夺。比如犯罪类话题——校园暴力、女性犯罪、青少年犯罪、吸毒、赌博，它们的根源，危害和解决途径都是大同小异的。

第三步：打造个性化范文

雅思写作，所以重要的不是你的思想而是你的表达方式。比如 “出国留学的优势和困难?” 这样的话题大部分考生的答案都是相似的，无非是有学习语言的环境、了解西方文化、开阔视野、丰富人生经历，增加国际化经验等等，困难无非就是孤独、文化休克、学费压力、前途的未知等等，既然观点很难标新立异，就要让自己文章的表达法妙笔生花，句式灵活多样。解决的途径就是多读一些优秀的范文，多积累一些闪光词汇和漂亮的句式。网络上的以及出版物中的范文已经大量流传，只可参考观点不可背诵。但是范文中精彩的模板、多变的句式、词汇的亮点都是值得借鉴的。考生尤其要打造自己的个性化范文。雅思写作机经也只是学生辅助学习的工具。