雅思阅读长难句的基本句型

在雅思阅读中，我们最头疼的是碰到一个长难句，句子过长会影响到我们阅读的心情。

雅思阅读长难句的基本句型

一、主语+谓语【S+V】：

这类句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语都能表达完整的意思。谓语动词是不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

例如：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration 【FAA】 to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. 【剑8 Test 1Passage 2 】

句子结构分析：这句话的主干是An accident resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration 【FAA】。主谓结构式An accident resulted，后面跟得是介词短语。That引导定语从句修饰An accident，to regulate and oversee…表示目的，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰the operation of aircraft。

二、主语+谓语+宾语【S+V+DO】：

这类句子的谓语都是实意动词，也都是及物动词，表示主语发生的动作，但是后面必须跟一个宾语，也就是动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。

例如：They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

【剑8 Test 1Passage 1 】

句子结构分析：这句话的主语是They，谓语是based，宾语是their calendars，后面是on引导的介词短语。冒号后面的三个并列结构：the solar day, the lunar month and the solar year，是对three natural cycles的解释说明。 that引导定语从句修饰changing seasons changing seasons。

三、主语+系动词+表语【S+V+P】：

这类句型的谓语部分是连系动词，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思。常见的系动词有两类：一类表情况——be，look，smell，taste，sound等;一类表变化——get，grow，become，turn，go等。

例如： The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels 【which had been around for at least 1,300 years】 that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. 【剑8 Test 1Passage 1 】

句子结构分析：这句话的主干是主系表结构，不过有两个并列的表语。主语是The revolutionary aspect，系动词是was，表语是neither the descending weight nor the gear wheels。第一个that引导定语从句修饰weight，括号里的句子做插入语，是对gear wheels的补充说明，that引导定语从句修饰gear wheels，分号后面是一个简单的句子。

四、主语+谓语+间宾+直宾【S+V+IO+DO】：

这类动词后面必须跟两个宾语，才能表达完整的意思。一个是动作的直接承受者，为直接宾语，另一个是动作的间接承受者，为间接宾语。

例如： We may, at best, give them some precision by defining them and placing them in a context but, whatever we do, we should never delude ourselves into believing that gifted children or geniuses are different from the rest of humanity, save in the degree to which they have developed the performance of their abilities. 【剑8 Test 3 Passage 2】

句子结构分析：这句话的主语是We，谓语动词是may give，直接宾语是some precision， 间接宾语是them。 at best、whatever we do做插入语， 这句话的主干是We may give them some precision…but we should never delude ourselves into believing that…save in the degree to which…。That引导宾语从句，save做连词，表示除了，which引导宾语从句。

五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾补【S+V+DO+OC】：

这类句型的谓语都是及物动词，但是只有宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个宾语补足语来补充说明整句话的意思。

例如：Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals' passing between people that were so faint that they were usually swamped by normal brain activity. 【剑8 Test 1 Passage3 】

句子结构分析：这句话的主语是Reports，谓语是had led，宾语是parapsychologists，宾补是to suspect。by people during meditation表示在某种实验环境下，修饰experiences。第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导定语从句修饰'signals'，第三个so faint that…如此以至于表示结果状语从句。

雅思阅读长难句解析

1. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.

[参考译文] 一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。

2. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

[参考译文] 当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这使得它值得被讨论一下。

3. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

[参考译文] 在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。

4. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances 【drugs】 is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

[参考译文] 我们生活在一种药品【毒品】的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里：一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。

5. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

[参考译文] 对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药症状的出现。

6. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"

[参考译文] 上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们："难道这就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗?"

雅思阅读长难句汇总

1. Looking beyond the 10-year period， the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future — more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.

译文： 在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内， 3000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。

2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration， because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations?

译文：野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。

3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits： it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally?friendly fertilizers.

译文： 转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。

4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing： it‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables, but dinner tables.

译文：使这场辩论不同一般的是：我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。而且，这个事实意味着一件事：这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题，而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。

5. “Contact us before writing your application” or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history" is how it is usually expressed.

译文： “写申请前同我们联系”，“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”，这种广告经常这样宣传。

6. There is no doubt， however， that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

译文：但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。

7. Other goals of the interview are： to answer questions successfully， obtain any additional information needed to make a decision， accent your special strengths， establish a positive relationship， show confidence， and to sell yourself.

译文：参加面试其他的目标包括：成功地回答问题，为做决定获得更多信息，强调自己的特殊优势，建立良好的关系，表达自己的信心，推销自己。

8. Based on these goals， place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories： company data， personal data， and specific job data.

译文：在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。

9. Since the interview will center on you， proper self-management process is divided into four stages： the before stage， the greeting stage， the consultation stage， and the departure stage.

译文：既然面试的焦点是你，应该在以下四个阶段做出合理的准备：面试前阶段，问候阶段，商洽阶段，告别阶段。

10. The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter， concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication， developing your portfolio， anticipating questions with positive responses， and arriving early.

译文：面试前阶段包括写一封确认函、集中注意自己的仪表和非语言行为、准备好自己的资料、设想一些问题以及对这些问题的正面回答、早到面试地点。