雅思小作文怎么写数据

雅思小作文怎么写数据

无论是雅思小作文还是将来留学时候的report，essay，dissertation，都离不开描述数据的技能。

1】占比

首先，占比要使用表示“占据”多少数据比例的动词。当然，除了动词，一些形容词词组等也能表示此含义。

account for

[Cam811] Other causes account for only 7% collectively.

contribute

[Cam741] The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units.

comprise

[Cam411] On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this position.

consist of

[Cam411] However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.

be responsible for

[Cam811] Another important reason why land becomes less productive is over-cultivation, which is responsible for 28% of the total degraded land.

represent

[Cam821] This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.

constitute

[Cam821] Overall, teachers’ salaries constituted the largest cost to the school, and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance, there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on the other workers’ salaries.

*take up/make up/occupy

用法与上述动词类似。

due to/thanks to/owing to

表示某数据归于某项目之下。当然，也能表示因果关系，二者有时是合二为一的。

[Cam811] A further 28% of globally degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops.

main/major/majority

表示某数据项目占多数比例或主导地位。

[Cam741] In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source 【50 units】 and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power 【each producing 20 units】 and oil 【which produced only 10 units】.

[Cam931-6分例文] We can see that in 2000 the majority of people in Yemen was between 0 and 14 years old.

minor/minority

表示某数据占少数比例或次要地位。

[Cam341-7分例文] From then on, the percentage of unemployed workforce in United States remained roughly the same- about 5% until March 99 although there were minor falls and rises in the unemployment rate.

principal

与main/major类似，表示首要，即占比最大，排名靠前。

[Cam741] Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.

remainder

表示除主要项目之外的“其他”数据项目。

[Cam741] In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source 【50 units】 and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power 【each producing 20 units】 and oil 【which produced only 10 units】.

remaining/ other

表示除主要项目之外的“其他”数据项目。

[Cam741] The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units.

[Cam741] Other sources were no longer significant.

2】倍数

倍数的表达并不限定于“xx倍”的写法，完全可以灵活地使用词汇来表述。

the same

表示数据完全相等。

[Cam1021] In two places sales increased by thesame small amount: 1.8-2 million euros in Denmark, and 0.8-1 million in Sweden.

as…as…

表示数据完全相等，前面加上twice等序数词表示对应的倍数。

[Cam131] The chart shows that high income earners consumed considerably more fast foods than other income groups, spending more than twice as much on hamburgers 【43 pence per person per week】 [as] on fish and chips or pizza 【both under 20 pence】.

equal

表示数据完全相等。

[Cam941] From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990.

similar

表示数据近似相等。

[Cam331] We can see a similar pattern in the second graph, which shows that the number of people working as scientists and technicians in industrialized countries increased from 55 to 85 per 1000 people between 1980 and 1990, while the number in developing countries went from 12 to 20.

be matched by

表示数据接近。

[Cam741] In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas.

*identical/equivalent

表示数据完全对等。

*resemble/resemblance

表示数据近似，或呈现出类似的态势。

double/triple

表示倍数，double表示2倍，triple表示3倍，quadruple表示4倍，还有5倍及以上倍数的表达，但是一般只用double和triple。

[Cam1021] Meanwhile, in Switzerland sales doubled from 3-6 million euros.

[Cam921] This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.

times/ fold

表示倍数。

[Cam541-7分例文] It only has 11 kilometres of route, which is more than 30 times less than that of London.

[Cam821] Insurance, which only accounted for 2% in 1981, rose fourfold to reach 8% by 2001.

3】分数

分数与倍数类似，词汇稍有差异，句式完全可以借鉴。

“基数词+序数词”

可以表示任何分数，注意此处的序数词视为可数名词，比如two thirds表示2/3。

[Cam211] The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to two thirds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three quarters.

百分比

一般使用百分比符号%，而不用per cent。

[Cam811] The remainder 【7%】 is caused by other reasons.

quarter

表示1/4。

[Cam211] The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to two thirds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three quarters.

half

表示1/2。

[Cam211] The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to two thirds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three quarters.

在雅思写作Task1上经常犯的两大错误

一、描述数据变化趋势时，乱写主语

数据变化类图表【比如表格、柱状图、饼状图和线形图】，常常需要描述某数据的变化趋势。以下题为例：

WRITING TASK 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica from 1980 to 2000.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

对于考生来说看清本图中ozone hole【臭氧层空洞】尺寸的变化趋势很容易，即整体呈上升趋势然后中间有部分是下降的，但是在具体书写时有可能遗忘真正变化的主体是尺寸而不是ozone hole【臭氧层空洞】本身。于是就会看到下面的语句：

Ozone hole rose from 1980 to 2000, although it decreased between 1990 and 1993.

上面的语句是错误的，发生变化的主体并不是ozone hole【臭氧层空洞】而是它的尺寸，应该改为：

The size of ozone hole rose from 1980 to 2000, although it decreased between 1990 and 1993.

二、时态混乱

在描写变化趋势或者是具体数据时，考生往往会忽略谓语动词的正确性。所以广大考生一定要注意时态要用正确，句子的时态要依照图表的具体时间来确定。

以下题为例：

WRITING TASK 1 【剑9 Test 2 Task 1】

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows the total number of minutes 【in billions】 of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

在描述local-fixed line的数据变化趋势时，一般的考生都能够看到该数据呈现先上升在下降的变化趋势，但是在具体书写时却往往容易忽视图表上的时间是从1995年到2002年，因此本来这里描述趋势的语句应该选用一般过去时。因此，他们会写出下面的语句：

The figure for local-fixed line increase from 1995 to 1999 before decreasing between 1999 and 2002.

可以看到在描写变化趋势时，主语用的是很恰当的，可以谓语部分“increase”就出错了。没有考虑到图表的时间是发生在过去应该用“increase”的一般过去时的形式“increased”。所以上面的句子应该改为：

The figure for local-fixed line increased from 1995 to 1999 before decreasing between 1999 and 2002.

除了上面图表中的这种情况，时间全部发生在过去，因此谓语动词用一般过去式。还有可能会遇到下面的这三种情况：

1. 图表的时间是从过去到现在并延续到了将来。

这种情况下，考生可以选用的时态有两种，第一种一般现在时;第二种现在完成进行时。首先，用一般现在时是因为该时间段包含了过去、现在和将来，因此这就是对一般性事实的陈述，用一般现在时是很合理的。其次，之所以可以用现在完成进行时是因为该时态本身就是用来描述一个从过去发生到现在并将延续到将来的行为。

一般现在时简单，一般的考生都能够写出来，如若是要写现在完成进行时有可能就摸不着头脑了，该时态是这样的，Have/has been doing。

2. 图表的时间是从过去到现在。

这种情况，考生就用现在完成时，Have/has done。

3. 图表的时间是从现在到将来。

这种情况下，可以有两种写法。首先，可以用一般将来时;其次，可以用表示预测的一般现在时，比如is expected/projected/predicted to do。

雅思大作文的高分技巧

1】通过比较和对比方式来论证，这样两个事的利弊就非常明显。

Unquestionably, electronic media is the fastest. A case in point is that a large number of rescue teams around China instantly rushed to the tunnel suffered from severe mudslide in Sichuan province within an hour when information was covered on the Tencent internet, while such coverage on the newspapers seems to be accessible to relevant sectors the next day.

2】通过现在与过去的对比方式，所写对象的特征就显而易见了。

Admittedly, remarkable transitions have occurred to WUXI. The outstanding facet seems to refer to its environment around the neighborhood. In the past, silt and debris used to be dumped by citizens, resulting in smelly rivers and streams, especially in the rural area. At present, however, with charming vegetation and greening area surrounded, living surrounding has been perfectly promoted. Another important transition is that public transport is pretty convenient. Years ago, buses frequency was so extremely low that the vast majority of people were accustomed to driving. On the contrary, not only has municipal government in WUXI launches the vast sum on the shuttle buses, subways or taxis, but also the publicity on the preferential policies motivates citizens to opt for eco-friendly means of transport.

这篇雅思大作文写作的内容是对周边环境发生变化进行论证。对比点是：以前居住环境的脏和臭，而变化后有了绿化和居民环保意识的改变，使得环境得以改变的事实。应用这样的雅思大作文写作方法，段落的主题句能够得到有力的论证。