托福连贯性阅读技巧

连贯性的好处是能够让读者跟随作者的思路，一口气的阅读文章，同时掌握文章的主要信息。

如果你还记得，在托福满分作文的评分标准中有这么一条：

Displays unity, progression, and coherence. 【 体现出统一、递进、连贯的特点】

这个标准要求我们写作时注意文章的连贯性。首先，什么是连贯性?连贯性是指从一个句子到另一个句子，或从一个段落到另一个段落，以清晰、合乎逻辑的方式进行发展。

这样写的好处是能够让读者跟随作者的思路，一口气的阅读文章，同时掌握文章的主要信息。所以当我们阅读托福文章时，我们应该以连贯的方式来阅读，否则，由于缺乏联系，我们可能会面临只掌握部分信息而缺乏整体信息的情况。

连贯通常表现为两种方式体现:语义重复和逻辑连接。语义重复是两句话在某个概念的延续。通过对这个概念的重复把信息延续下去。语义重复会有多种形式，比如重复某个词，也可以出现某个词的近义词或反义词，正如下面两句话:

In Southwest France in the 1940’s, playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto, a series of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals. Many of these beasts are as large as 16 feet 【almost 5 meters】.

这两句话就是通过animals和beasts的同义替换把信息延续下去。语义重复还可以通过对某部分内容的概括或是对某部分内容的具体展开来实现，就像下面的两句话:

The animals are bulls, wild horses, reindeer, bison, and mammoths outlined with charcoal and painted mostly in reds, yellow, and brown. Scientific analysis reveals that the colors were derived from ocher and other iron oxides ground into a fine powder.

这两句话就是通过对red, yellow, and brown的概括，即the colors实现了连贯性。当然，语义重复最常用的手段还是通过代词的灵活运用。如以下两句：

But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.

逻辑连接就是通过特定的逻辑关系词体现出两句话或是多句话之间的关系。常见的有因果关系、转折关系、条件关系、递进关系等。这些过渡词的使用可以使文章更加清晰流畅。因此，当我遇到这样的逻辑关系词时，我应该遵循这些逻辑关系词所表达的逻辑关系来阅读文章。

我们以TPO1 GROUNDWATER的第二段做一个综合展示，下划线代表的是信息延续点。

The necessary space is there, however, in many forms. The commonest spaces【原词重现】 are those among the particles【对forms具体展开】—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. Beds of this material【代词】, out of sight beneath the soil, are common.

They【代词】 are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. For example【逻辑关系】, as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them.

The water【原词重现】 was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand【对loads of coarse sediment的具体展开】, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.