托福阅读推理题的解题方法
发布时间:2022-05-13 16:46:20在托福阅读中,推理题的答案要以和原文一致为标准,并且考试中经常出现“推理而不推”的情况。
一、不需要推理的推理
我们都知道,推理题的题目特征就是infer, imply, indicate, suggest等有“暗含”“隐喻”的词,那么在推理题中是否需要进行复杂而细致的“推理”呢?当然不需要啦,同学们记住,EETS是一个常年累月都在绞尽脑汁的维持自己题目难度保持一致的机构。
这就是为什么无论我们在哪一年参加托福考试,学校的分数要求都没有任何变化。
所以针对托福当中的任何题型难度也是惊人的万年不变。因此,推理题的答案要以和原文一致为标准,并且考试中经常出现“推理而不推”的情况——就是原文直接对应选项,没有什么改变的“不推的推理题”的情况。
比如例题:【TPO34-p2-q1】
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Britain’s short supply of wood in the eighteenth century?
A. Wood from Britain’s great forests was being exported to other countries for profit.
B. A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land for farming.
C. Larger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.
D. What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.
根据题目对应到第一句【切记当题目中有about就拿about后面内容回原文定位】,但信息过少于是看下一句Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay.
文中说因为人口增长,英国在中世纪时大部分森林已经被农田和牧草代替,因此木材更加缺乏,但是它却一直都很重要。直接对应选项B。由此可见这并没有什么推理过程。
二、固定路径推理
研究固定路径的推理对我们来说是非常重要的。固定路径推理分为两部分:整体和部分、取反推理。
1. 整体和部分推理是指抽象和实际概念的范围推理。
大范围可以推导出小范围。例如,“中国陶瓷的质量非常好”可以推导出“江西陶瓷质量很好”,因为中国是一个大的范围,江西是一个小的范围,所以这是可以推导出来的。
例题:【OG-THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS】
8. It can be inferred that Basilosaurus breed and gave birth in which of the following locations.
A. On land
B. Both on land and at sea
C. In shallow water
D. In a marine environment
对应原文这种动物的定位,得知: Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.
说明这是一种完全海洋生物,所以在这种大环境下,题目的“breed and give birth ”都是在海洋中。
选择D
2.取反推理指的是我们所说的相反关系的标志。
比如“在她来我们班之前,我是最漂亮的女孩”这句话是告诉我们什么信息?“她来之后,我就不在是我们班最漂亮的女孩了。”同理,如果推理判断题中有标志性的时间或是事件点,他们前后的相反关系是至关重要的。
例题:【TPO6-p2-q3】
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building?
A. Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions.
B. Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.
C. Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.
D. Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.
根据题目对应原文第一句:This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height.这句话告诉我们:那时还没有蒸汽机车,运河建设正处于鼎盛时期。这意味着在那之后,它就不再是最高的了。选择B。
类似的题型还有TPO33-p3-q12、TPO19-p3-q5、TPO4-p3-q6等。