10类托福阅读逻辑结构

10类托福阅读逻辑结构

在托福阅读理解中，一些词汇会帮助我们理解句子间关系，这些词汇大部分是逻辑词汇，为大家带来托福阅读中的逻辑词汇总结，希望对大家有所帮助。

一. And 并列关系 【and】

in addition // and // similarly // likewise // as well as // besides // furthermore // also // moreover // too// not only ... but // even // besides this/that

二.Sequence 顺序 【then】

出现的时候表示列举

first// initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier/later // following this/that // afterwards

三.Consequence 结果 【so】

前面是后面的结果 // 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了。

as a result// thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // tn that case // admittedly

四.Contrast转折 【but 】

表对前面论述的转折 // 一般后面才是作者观点

however// on the other hand // despite // in spite of //

though // although // but // on the contrary

otherwise// yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast

五.Certainty 确定 【of course】

强烈的确定 // 后面是作者的坚定论点

obviously// certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly

六.Condition 条件/ 因为 【if 】

后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。

if // unless // whether // provided that // // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on

七.Time 时间 【when 】

before // since // as // until // meanwhile // at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as

八.Summary 总结 【in a word】

作者的最后总结

in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述 // in short // in a word

九.Example举例 【for example】

for example // for instance // just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是

十.Reason原因 【 because】

since // as // so // because 【of】 // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause

托福阅读考试的必备技巧

托福阅读中，面对文章阅读量大，题型种类多的困难，大家必须要掌握一些备考的技巧。利用这些技巧，减少我们的在阅读和做题中的障碍。具体的这些必备技巧都有哪些呢?为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考。

快速识别托福生词

从某种意义上来讲，你积累的英语词汇量的多少，影响着你在托福考试中取得的成绩。如果说你具备的词汇量达不到最基本的要求，即使你的语言能力再强也过不了托福难关。想要训练阅读能力首先就要从词汇量上下手，只有掌握足够多的词汇后，你才具备他警告阅读能力的最低标准。

遇到生词，即使不知道什么意思，也可以根据上下文语境弄清它们之间的关系，运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。

其次，还可以分析选项，进行对比，往往会发现选项中通常会出现两个意思相反的选项，此时再仔细重读原文就可以排除错误选项了。

遇到托福新话题不要慌

读书破万卷，下笔如有神，放在托福阅读备考中依然适用。

考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面，对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后，在参加托福考试时，当阅读到自己有所了解的东西后，解题试题时就会比较有自信和感觉，不会因为自己的不了解或是不清楚，对文章要说的东西特别盲目，答题的准确率自然而然的也就会有所上升。

对于考试技巧，“适合别人的不一定适合自己”。考生可以根据自己的实际情况去训练，尽快找到最适合自己的解锁方式。

当考试遇到新话题，不要慌张，一定要合理运用有限的时间，拿捏好做题的速度，多多联系上下文，回忆相关话题，在规定时间内完成所有题目。

掌握SQ3R 法能快速了解文章逻辑

托福阅读技巧中的SQ3R法能够有效的加快阅读速度，提升考生对文章逻辑的理解。面对一篇长篇文章，一定要做到五点：Scan. 扫读 Question. 提问 Read. 阅读 Review. 复读 Recite。

扫读可以让你对全文有个初步的了解。许多优秀作品的提纲都遵循一套逻辑，让读者能轻松的熟悉和了解文章的主题素材。提问可以让你知道每段的方向，和对文章内容的熟悉程度。做题的时候能够快速定位，有些时候自己提问问题还能和题目重叠，提高答题效率。阅读可以让你熟知每段主旨，了解中心思想，明白作者用意。有利于预测和推论题。

题外话：考场预热

托福考试阅读部分和听力部分之间不会停顿，你没有休息的时间，建议考生食用一顿合理丰富的早餐，做好考前的准备。

另外就是在做题过程中可复查和修改答案，但由于这样很浪费时间，请尽量一次性通过。如果遇到阅读加试，托福考生将不会被告知哪一篇文章是加试文章。加试虽然不算分，但是有可能会影响考生的成绩，因此考生要认真对待加试题。

做完一个部分的阅读，系统会提示考生点击“continue”进入下一部分，如果不按的话，系统大约等待1-2分钟后会自动进入下一部分。

托福阅读真题练习

托福阅读真题练习：大城市的偏见文本+题目+答案

托福阅读文本：

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part,by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.

While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

【A】A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century

【B】 The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal

【C】 Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century

【D】 Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century

2. The word "bias" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

【A】 diagonal

【B】 slope

【C】 distortion

【D】 prejudice

3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas

【A】 were suspicious of their neighbors

【B】 were very proud of their lifestyle

【C】 believed city government had too much power

【D】 wanted to move to the cities

4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to

【A】 participate in the urban reform movement

【B】 seek financial security

【C】 comply with a government ordinance

【D】 avoid crime and corruption

5. The word "embraced" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

【A】 suggested

【B】 overestimated

【C】 demanded

【D】 welcomed

6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?

【A】 They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.

【B】 They believed private ownership would slow economic growth

【C】 They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.

【D】 They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.

7. The word "exorbitant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

【A】 additional

【B】 expensive

【C】 various

【D】 modified

8.All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT

【A】 local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies

【B】 some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments

【C】 the availability of services was regulated by local government

【D】 private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments

9. The word "Proponents" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

【A】 Experts

【B】 Pioneers

【C】 Reviewers

【D】 Supporters

10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" 【line 24】?

【A】 To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities

【B】 To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas

【C】 To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem

【D】 To illustrate the need for construction of new factories

托福阅读答案：

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