托福阅读表格题

托福阅读表格题

在托福阅读的题型中，表格类题型有时的难度系数也是颇高的。而表格类题目有时在听力类题目中，也是会有遇见，而其不同之处就是在于，IBT阅读部分的表格题既包括了对全文重点内容的发问又包括了对全文主题和结论发问。它们以对比表格和总结表格的形式出现。相对于听力表格题来说，阅读部分的难度系数更大一些。那么，下面我们就为大家带来一些相关的例题，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

一、表格题分为两大类：总结表格题和对比表格题。

1、总结表格题

相对而言， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题，这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。

2、题的出题模式有两种：

一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。

我们来看一个例子，

The Atlantic Cod Fishery

Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.

Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.

By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.

Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers.

However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.

Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fish populations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still, no one can predict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks. ]

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points

The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries.

1、Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.

2、Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.

3、The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s

Answer Choices

【1】Atlantic cod stocks were once plentiful in the rich environment around the Grand Banks.

【2】The Atlantic cod is a groundfish that preys on herring and small fish that eat krill.

【3】Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.

【4】The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s.

【5】Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.

【6】Newfoundland exports millions of dollars worth of crab and other shellfish every year.

解析托福阅读图表填空题

托福阅读的图表填空题和文章总结题类似，一般出现在最后一题，是对文章中某几类信息的比较或对比，同样考察考生对文章结构、主要观点的把握。下面我们就以一道真题为例，来看看托福阅读的图表填空题该如何应对吧。

例题

Directions: Complete the table below by indicating which features of fishes are associated in the passage with reducing water resistance and which are associated with increasing thrust. This question is worth 3 points.

Features of Fishes

1. The absence of scales from most of the body

2. The ability to take advantage of eddies

3. The ability to feed and reproduce while swimming

4. Eyes that do not protrude

5. Fins that are stiff, narrow, and smooth

6. The habit of swimming with the mouth open

7. A high, narrow tail with swept-back tips

托福阅读图表填空题要求：对比文章中的某两个部分的内容

有的托福阅读文章是全文的对照对比，有的则是重点段落的对照对比。这种题目需要先识别要求对比的内容，并且从原文中搜寻对应的文章段落。本题要求对比REDUCING WATER RESISTANCE和INCREASING THRUST，因此我们先通过读每段的关键句来确定对比内容所在段落。

托福阅读图表填空题解析：

通过检索我们发现以下两个段落对应本题：

第三自然段：Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason.

本段重点陈述了减少水阻力的几种设计，通过对于本段的精读我们发现阴影处信息可对应选项145.

第八自然段：There are adaptations that increase the amount of forward thrust as well as those that reduce drag. Again, these fishes are the envy of engineers. Their high, narrow tails with swept-back tips are almost perfectly adapted to provide propulsion with the least possible effort. Perhaps most important of all to these and other fast swimmers is their ability to sense and make use of swirls and eddies 【circular currents】 in the water. They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by "pushing off" the eddies. Scientists and engineers are beginning to study this ability of fishes in the hope of designing more efficient propulsion systems for ships.

本段重点介绍了关于提升推进力的几种设计，通过对本段的精读可对应选项2和7.选项2和7对应原文中如阴影所示的句子，此题要求学生在做题时有快速检索信息的能力。

托福阅读考试中需不需要做笔记

大家都知道托福阅读考试篇幅很长，因为篇幅过长，导致有些同学在看文章的时候看到后面已经忘记了前面的内容。那么，托福阅读是否可以像托福听力考试那样边听边记笔记呢?这样做是否有助于提高做题的正确率呢?其实托福阅读考试中是不建议大家记笔记的。下面，来给大家分析下托福阅读考试不记笔记的原因。

一. 托福阅读出题顺序和文章顺序一致

我们首先从托福阅读的出题顺序上来讲讲为何托福阅读不需要做笔记。托福阅读篇幅确实比较长，平均字数达到700-750字，想要读完，并且记住文章内容确实比较苦难。但是大家在做题中会发现，其实托福阅读的出题顺序和文章的顺序是一致的【主旨题除外】，前2-3道题都是针对第一段提问，然后接下来的问题是针对第二段提问……所以，从出题的顺序上看，是没有必要在做阅读题的时候做笔记的，边做题边看阅读文章完全可行。

二. 托福阅读考试时间紧，没有时间做笔记

接下来，我们来从托福阅读考试时间上分析下为何不需要做阅读笔记。托福阅读每篇考试时间为20分钟，具体分配到每一道题的时间也就一分钟多一点，所以总的来看，托福阅读的考试时间是非常紧张的，如果大家再在读文章的时候记笔记，那么势必会导致做题时间不足。

三. 记不住文章内容是理解力的问题

其实，文章前后内容连贯不起来，究其根本还是理解力有欠缺，通过记笔记是解决不了问题的。如果大家对文章的理解尚有欠缺，那么建议还是从根本上去做提升，首先过词汇关，然后分析长难句，如果语法不过关的话，也要去补习一下语法知识。基础打好以后，可以看一些托福阅读的做题技巧，对于提升做题速度也是帮助的。最后，要回归到阅读练习上来，多刷题多做练习。做阅读练习时不建议做题前通读全文，直接从题目开始返回文中找答案即可。

所以，从上文中我们可以看到，托福阅读笔记是没有必要做的，阅读考试时间非常紧张，根本没有做阅读笔记的时间，而且阅读题的出题顺序和文章一直，也没有必要做笔记帮助理解。希望大家在托福阅读练习的时候能掌握正确方法，避开误区。

托福阅读真题

托福阅读部分，具体的考试题目内容的回顾，可以作为背景知识，辅助我们更好地备考。因为托福考试中，也有可能重复出题，因此对于旧题的备考，也不容忽视。为大家整理了11月4日的托福阅读题目回忆，一起来看看吧!

托福考试日期：

2018年11月4日

托福考试内容回忆：

Colonial America and the Navigation Acts

先讲了早期英国殖民者对美洲的殖民引起一些不满，因为收税过高且限制他们的一些产品与英国竞争。后面着重讲其实这种殖民统治也对美国经济有好处，如帮他们买产品到欧洲，有英国海军保护等。最后说美国农民虽然参与市场经济，但前提还是找满足自己，所以也会过生产来和别人换。