托福阅读题型分类练习

托福阅读题型分类练习

托福阅读考试中，大家除了平时的练习和记忆，掌握相当的词汇量以外，对于各种题型的分类和解法也应了如指掌，只有了解了这一层才能在考试中得心应手，做到胸有成竹。托福阅读题型分类及解法”给大家作出整理，希望大家重视。

1 信息归类题

特点：

【1】通常文章采用对比写法。

【2】有无用的选项。

关键：排除无用选项。

同学们在复习时可以分类练习，这样可以培养对每一类题型的敏锐感以及加快解题速度。

2 指代题

问法：The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to

技巧：

【1】单复数

it找单数名词或名词性词组。

they找复数名词或名词性词组。

【2】在主从复合句, 并列句中, 后半句的代词主语优先指代前半句主语的核心词【有例外, 要从意义判断】。

【3】简单句中,代词优先指代主语核心词, 次之制代宾语核心词。

【4】代词所在句子找不到合适的指代, 优先指代前一句主语, 次之指代后一句宾语。

【5】一句话中, 相同的代词指代相同。

3 直接事实题

问法：According to the passage, what/ which/ why/ when?

技巧：定位原文, 细读。

4 infer题【需要精确理解】

注意：既然是infer, imply, 就一定不是原文中明确说的。

技巧：

【1】时间前后推理。

【2】排除法。

【3】不要加入自己的观点。

5 举例说明概述题 【例子的作用】

技巧：

【1】重点不是例子本身, 而是举例子的目的及例子的服务对象。

【2】概述的同义改写就是答案。

6 EXCEPT列举题

技巧：重视文中三个或三个以上的列举 【遇到的话就做笔记记下来---Sissi如是说】。

定位：核心关键词 such as n1, n2, n3………A, B, and/ or C.

7 插入句子题

技巧

【1】待插入的句子中, 代词 this, these their, it, such, he, another 这些通常是上一句]提过的,所以才特指。

【2】因果, 转折等过渡词 therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary.

【3】递进扩展词 furthermore, also, as well, too, other, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally.

【4】结构配对词on the one hand…. On the other handsome…others.

【5】关键同义词重复出现的名词、副词、形容词。

8 句子要点题

问法：which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence.

错误选项：

【1】 有新内容, 或有相反内容。

【2】 遗漏了原文中重要信息。

9 全文总结题

【1】注意段首句, 注意自己归纳总结。

【2】关注文章结构,特别是先总后分式。

10 词汇题

问法：The word/phrase XXX is closest in meaning to____

技巧：

【1】首先看是否认识, 如果在认识, 在选项中找同义或近义词, 并代入原文检验。

【2】如果不认识,将4个选项代入原文, 看上下文是否合理。

【3】看原词所在句子前后2句, 找重复对应。

【4】如果悬想中有2个悬想都在上下文中合理,选择在含义上与原词沾边的词。

【5】选项中不认识的词不轻易去选。

做题顺序：

看单词，看选项，原文验证。

托福阅读真题练习

托福阅读真题练习：北美殖民时期的文本+题目+答案

托福阅读文本：

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.

In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along theAtlantic Coastline,mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods 【assets such as equipment】 and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were,accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.

This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.

When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War 【1861-1865】.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

【A】 Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.

【B】 The evolution of cities in North America

【C】 Trade between North American and European cities

【D】 The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.

2. The word "they" in line 4 refers to

【A】 NorthAmerican colonies

【B】 cities

【C】 centuries

【D】 town economies

3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of thefollowing?

【A】 Their economic success

【B】 The type of merchandise they exported

【C】 Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements

【D】 The pace of their development

4. The word "accordingly" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

【A】 as usual

【B】 in contrast

【C】 to some degree

【D】 for that reason

5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline ofNorthAmerica due to

【A】 an abundance of natural resources

【B】 financial support from colonial governments

【C】 proximity to parts of Europe

【D】 a favorable climate

6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which ofthe following for shipment to Europe?

【A】 Manufacturing equipment

【B】 Capital goods

【C】 Consumer goods

【D】 Raw materials

7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced thegrowth of southern cities EXCEPT the

【A】 location of the plantations

【B】 access of plantation owners to shipping

【C】 relationships between plantation residents and city residents

【D】 economic self-sufficiency of the plantations

8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern citieswere

【A】 more prosperous

【B】 smaller

【C】 less economically self-sufficient

【D】 tied less closely to England than to France

9. The word "recorded" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

【A】 imagined

【B】 discovered

【C】 documented

【D】 planned

10. The word "drawing" in line 28 is closest in meaning to

【A】 attracting

【B】 employing

【C】 instructing

【D】 representing

11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War 【line 29】 because it was a time of

【A】 significant obstacles to industrial growth

【B】 decreased dependence on foreign trade

【C】 increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms

【D】 increased migration from northern states to southern states

托福阅读答案：

BBDDC DCBCAC

托福阅读提速方法介绍

托福阅读考试中，速度是非常关键的。很多同学由于阅读速度慢，导致后面没有时间来做题，影响了我们的分数。那么具体的在练习的过程中，我们应该如何提高自己的阅读速度呢?下面我们整理了四个小方法，帮助大家来提速。

快速泛读【fast extensive reading】

这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章，要求读得快，理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额，定额要结合自己的实际，可多可少，例如每天读20页。

计时阅读【timed reading】

计时阅读每次进行5～10分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳，精力分散反而乏味。

寻读【Scanning】

寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

略读【skimming】

略读又称跳读【reading and skipping】或浏览【glancing】，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。

略读有下列几个特点：

A. 以极快的速度阅读文章，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

B. 可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

C. 理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。

新托福阅读背景知识分享

托福阅读复习中，除了大量的真题练习之外，大家可以多了解一些相关的背景知识，这样能够帮助我们更好地来阅读文章内容。那么总结往年的托福阅读考试，具体的哪些背景知识属于高频内容，是大家复习的重点呢?为大家整理了相关的内容，供大家参考。

New directions

Beginning in the 1950's, jazz became even more experimental. Jazz music began to feature nontraditional instruments, such as French horn and bass flute. Jazz musicians began to take an interest in non-Western music, especially the modes 【different arrangements of scales】, melodic forms, and instruments of Africa, India, and the Far East.

In the late 1950's, John Lewis, musical director of the Modern Jazz Quartet, worked with classical musician and composer Günter Schuler to write and play orchestral works that combined elements of modern jazz and classical concert music. Stan Kenton also played this so-called third stream music when he toured the United States with a 40-piece orchestra.

Also during this period, pianist George Russell developed a jazz theory of modes. In 1959, the Miles Davis combo, with pianist Bill Evans and saxophonists John Coltrane and Cannonball Adele, recorded compositions and improvised solos based on modes rather than on patterns of chords.

In 1960, saxophonist Ornate Coleman reshaped the thinking of younger jazz musicians when he recorded the album Free Jazz with a double quartet. In this recording, Coleman discarded harmony, melody, and regular rhythms. He substituted unstructured improvisation played atonally 【in no definite key】. Pianist Cecil Taylor and bassist Charles Minus conducted similar atonal experiments.

In the 1960's, the influence of the music of India entered jazz through the adaptations of John Coltrane. Jazz musicians also began to use more unusual meters, such as 5/4, 7/4, and 9/8.