托福阅读中的词汇积累

托福阅读中的词汇积累

托福阅读复习备考中，对于词汇的积累，也是我们备考的重要内容之一。具体的对于托福阅读词汇，我们应该如何积累呢?为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考。

众所周知，托福的词汇量需要达到8000+才能够获取比较理想的分数。可是8000+的词汇量是什么概念呢?一个中国学生，按老师要求正常进行英语学习的情况下：初中毕业词汇量在2000左右;高中毕业3500左右;通过大学四级考试，词汇量在4200左右;通过大学英语六级考试，词汇量在5500左右。所以，8000+的词汇量即为在不同基础之上，至少添加2500的词汇，其中包含至少1600的学科词汇。所谓学科词汇，即为不同科学的专业术语，如：mammoth【猛犸象】, quartz【石英】, limestone【石灰岩】, marble 【大理石】，granite【花岗岩】，magma【岩浆】等等。对于基础词汇都没有掌握得很好的学生来说，背诵这些单词，简直“难于上青天”。

面对如此多而杂的托福阅读词汇，我们首先要做的是静下心来，想一想托福阅读考试的目的：说白了，托福是一项语言考试，并不考学生对某专业或某学科的知识掌握程度;也不考学生对专业词汇的理解水平;主要考的是在专业文章的背景之下，学生能够获得什么样的信息，怎样利用这些信息，解决跟文章相关的一些问题。

由上述目的，我们可以看出：其实专业词汇的理解并没有那么重要。重要的是，我们怎么利用文章信息进行解题。因此，我们把托福阅读的词汇分成两类：

学科词汇

非学科词汇

学科词汇

在大部分学生的眼里，学科词汇不仅生僻而且难写，跟日常生活没有太大的联系，“不接地气”。刚开始准备托福阅读的学生，往往都是买一本学科分类词汇，开始狂背起来。背了一个月之后，发现连A开头的单词都没背完，自信心严重受挫，致使后来的学习也无心进行。

其实，笔者不建议大家花太多时间去背阅读的学科词汇。相反，对阅读里的学科词汇，我们应该采取“冷”处理的方式，即不背诵，偶尔拿出来翻看。如果在阅读中遇到，则把其想象成不同的整体，用不同的符号如“*”, “%”,“&”等来代替;也可直接用该词汇首字母代替其本身，旨在快速找出本句话的主干意思。例如：

Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids.【摘自TPO 34 Protection of Plants by Insects】

本句话中的学科词汇有：floral nectar, extrafloral nectar, dissolved sugars, amino acids。如果大家纠结这些单词的意思的话，时间很快就过去了，也弄不明白到底讲的是什么。我们可以把这几个学科词汇分别想成一个整体，看成是“*” “%” “&” “#”, 翻译成中文，意思就会变成：像floral nectar【*】一样，extrafloral nectar【%】有很多水分，dissolved sugars【&】量比较多，在有些植物体中，会有少量的amino acids【#】。这样下来，主干意思出来了，句子的逻辑关系也梳理的清楚了，学生也不用背这些学科词汇了。

非学科词汇

非学科词汇包含动词、形容词、副词、介词和非专业名词【学科名词之外的其他名词】。这些词汇在托福阅读中占比较大，而且是理解句子主干和意思的关键，因此，非学科词汇是必须要好好背诵的。

Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids.【摘自TPO 34 Protection of Plants by Insects】

利用该句子，我们发现：如果不认识floral nectar, extrafloral nectar, dissolved sugars, amino acids, 而认识这些单词之外的其他所有词汇，那么本句话的意思还是能说得通的，起码我们知道“谁”“做了”“什么事”。但是如果我们不认识consists, mainly, content, amounts, 即便我们认识其他学科词汇，也不明白在讲什么。由此可见，非学科词汇的背诵才是重中之重。

托福阅读词汇题遇到生词怎么办

托福阅读考试中，词汇提醒主要考察大家对于陌生词汇在语境中的意思，大多部分的词汇考生可能复习不到。那么面对这种情况，我们如何能够猜测出生词的语义呢?下面我们就通过实例来为大家解析相关的技巧。

我们来看一道新托福考试官方指南上的题目：

Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.

6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. explained

B. visible

C. identified

D. located

这道题目很多同学会选择第四个选项【locate：坐落于…】，将这个含义带入到语句当中，意思也通顺，指Basilosaurus坐落于撒哈拉沙漠。但是这里需要注意的是，托福的词汇题并不是选项带入搭配合适就一定是正确答案，而是应该从语境入手来选择。

正确的做法是，首先查看生词附近有无并列，转折等语境上的含义暗示。本句当中，生词的前方有“and”来暗示并列，而从句子结构来看，前半句中的动词“found”，意思是“找到，发现”，那么后半句的exposed对应语境也应该强调发现某物，即找到，或者看见某物。因此这道题目的正确答案选择B【visible：可看见的】。

托福阅读真题练习

托福阅读真题练习：绘画艺术的文本+题目+答案

托福阅读文本：

By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into theAmerican colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants,and traveling colonists who brought back copies 【and a few original】 of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.

By the outbreak of the revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: "limner" was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's;"painter" characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century,colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons.

Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.

Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West,and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste — a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

【A】 European influence on colonialAmerican painting

【B】 The importance of patronage to artist

【C】 The changing status of artists in theAmerican colonies in the eighteenth century

【D】 Subjects preferred by artists in theAmerican colonies in the eighteenth century.

2. The word "outbreak" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

【A】 cause

【B】 beginning

【C】 position

【D】 explanation

3. The word "undergone" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

【A】 led to

【B】 transformed

【C】 preferred

【D】 experienced

4.According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to

【A】 paint wheel carriages

【B】 paint portraits

【C】 varnish furniture

【D】 paint flat surfaces

5. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England

【A】 considered artists to be superior to painters

【B】 barely painted portraitists

【C】 were often very wealthy

【D】 imitated English painters

6. The word "consorted" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

【A】 made decisions

【B】 studies

【C】 agreed

【D】 associated

7. The word "sufficient" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

【A】 adequate

【B】 temporary

【C】 friendly

【D】 expensive

8.According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings

【A】 increased the monetary value of the paintings

【B】 made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings

【C】 supported the artists' image of professionalism

【D】 distinguished colonialAmerican artists from European artists

9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which ofthe following?

【A】Art gallery owners who displayed only European art

【B】Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art

【C】Artists who gave financial support to other artists

【D】 Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists

10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?

【A】 Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.

【B】 The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.

【C】 The value of colonialAmerican paintings decreased after the Revolution.

【D】 Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.

托福阅读答案：

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