托福阅读文章真题

托福阅读文章真题

托福阅读如何进行备考?除了大量的托福词汇储备以外，大家可能最需要的就是托福阅读真题的练习。那么除了TPO你还有哪些托福阅读真题进行练习呢?

托福阅读文本：

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part,by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.

While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

【A】A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century

【B】 The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal

【C】 Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century

【D】 Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century

2. The word "bias" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

【A】 diagonal

【B】 slope

【C】 distortion

【D】 prejudice

3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas

【A】 were suspicious of their neighbors

【B】 were very proud of their lifestyle

【C】 believed city government had too much power

【D】 wanted to move to the cities

4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to

【A】 participate in the urban reform movement

【B】 seek financial security

【C】 comply with a government ordinance

【D】 avoid crime and corruption

5. The word "embraced" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

【A】 suggested

【B】 overestimated

【C】 demanded

【D】 welcomed

6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?

【A】 They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.

【B】 They believed private ownership would slow economic growth

【C】 They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.

【D】 They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.

7. The word "exorbitant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

【A】 additional

【B】 expensive

【C】 various

【D】 modified

8.All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT

【A】 local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies

【B】 some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments

【C】 the availability of services was regulated by local government

【D】 private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments

9. The word "Proponents" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

【A】 Experts

【B】 Pioneers

【C】 Reviewers

【D】 Supporters

10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" 【line 24】?

【A】 To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities

【B】 To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas

【C】 To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem

【D】 To illustrate the need for construction of new factories

托福阅读答案：

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托福阅读文章都从哪儿来

我们经常强调要通过真题备考托福阅读，也鼓励各位TOEFLer多阅读一些和托福阅读真题水平接近的泛英文材料来辅助提高托福阅读能力，那么到底什么样的文章是最接近真题的呢?托福阅读考试时选取的文章都是从哪儿来的?

所谓”真“，也就是有”托福相“的文章，应该从两方面去考虑：内容和难度。内容就是文章在“讲什么”，而难度则是文章“怎样讲”。用内容和难度都与托福一样的文章练出来的能力，一定是最符合托福考试要求的。

出现在托福阅读考试中的文章，都是学术性文章，浑身上下都是科普范。它们基本都来自涉及自然、生物、人文、社科等各个领域的期刊或杂志，来源十分广泛。

下面送上整理好的托福阅读选材范围清单一份【附官方网址】：

1.《纽约时报》The New York Times: http://www.nytimes-se.com

2.《纽约客》The New Yorker: http://www.newyorker.com

3.《泰晤士报》 Times: http://www.thetimes.co.uk

4.《卫报》 The Guardian: http://www.guardian.co.uk

5.《观察家报》 The Observer: http://www.observer.co.uk

6.《星期日报》The Sunday Times: http://www.sunday-times.co.uk

7.《每日快报》 The Daily Express: http://www.express.co.uk

8.《每日邮报》 The Daily Mail: http://www.dailymail.co.uk

9.《世界新闻报》 The News of the World: http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk

10.《国家地理》National Geographic: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/

11.《大西洋月刊》The Atlantic Monthly: https://www.theatlantic.com/

12.《经济学人》The economist http://www.economist.com

13.《旁观者》The Spectator: http://www.spectator.co.uk/

14.《新政治家》The New Statesman: http://www.newstatesman.co.uk/

15.《妇女界》The Woman’s Own: https://www.timeincuk.com/

16.《泰晤士报文学增刊》The Times Literary Supplement: http://www.the-tls.co.uk/

17.《新共和》The New Republic: https://newrepublic.com/

18《连线》Wired: https://www.wired.com/

19.《高等教育纪事报》The Chronicle of Higher Education: http://www.chronicle.com/

托福阅读必备的提升技巧

对于托福阅读部分，大家可以储备一些技巧，辅助大家更好地备考。为大家整理了几个方面的阅读规律，以及答题的技巧。希望对大家的阅读提升，有更好的帮助。详细内容如下：

题顺序

在托福阅读的准备过程中，我们经常会听到这样的一个提问：在做题的顺序中，究竟是先读全篇文章再做题;先读题目再读文章【相应部分】然后做题?

通常很多备考学生比较容易接受的一种方法就是：读文章各段首句，然后看题目，再找文章内相应部分做题。

这样的方法看似大大降低了阅读文章使用的时间，但是，不利于对全文的消化吸收，从而不利于做总结题，也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。

所以，大家练习时就尽量往“读一段做相应题目，再读一段再做相应题目”的顺序去靠拢，不但可以针对每道题目都能有个解题思路，同时，也对整篇文章有了大局的把握。

逻辑顺序

对于托福阅读的训练来说，词汇和句型是最为基础的部分。但是，也并不代表有了这些基础环节就一定能冲刺到高分。

想要冲刺托福阅读高分，逻辑思维和语法能力就是一个重要环节。

而想要抓住句子的核心内容，就要学会抓住句子的逻辑关键词，从而能够快速理解句子内容。

比如，在一段中，作者所要表达观点意图很有可能出现在像however，but这样的逻辑关系词之后;而像so等这样的逻辑词表明需要插入的句子是结果。

在托福阅读的练习中搞清楚这些逻辑词汇的作用，孰能生巧，不但能提高自己的答题准确率，同时也能不断让答题速度带来提升。

长句顺序

很多同学有时在托福阅读中，说到托福阅读中的长句阅读会觉得非常头疼，有时即便是掌握了句子中所有词汇，但是也不能全面准确的理解长句的大意。

而在这其中，就涉及到了托福语法的问题。首先，看到句子之后的第一个反应是找句子内部的逻辑关系。而后，准确的把握住长句的语法结构，抓住主干大意。

托福阅读篇幅长，而且大部分题目都是针对文章的某个位置。来自文章和题目之间的这种矛盾使得托福阅读题目解题时的定位成为一种必然。

托福阅读定位必要性

托福阅读定位是高效阅读必备招数。考生在阅读中常常需要根据题干中的信息来回到文章中的某个位置，这是托福阅读高效阅读以及答题的关键一步。

尤其是对于没有直接文章内容指向的题型，定位更加重要。

比如，托福阅读细节题答题的关键是精准定位，托福阅读细节题考察文章中具体的细节信息，解题难度不大，但条件是定位的点要对。

细节题目解答是首先要准确分析细节题的定位关键词。然后根据定位句子对比找出答案。

托福阅读定位方法

托福阅读定位的第一步就是找准定位词。

定位词的称呼有很多，如关键词，主旨词，功能词，中心词等等。这些只是个名称罢了，含义都是一致的。

定位词是一个可以根据题干或者选项回原文定位，并能够找到出处的词。找准定位词的关键在于了解定位词的特征。

定位词是在形式上变化不大，回原文依然不变的词汇，所以通常不用动词和副词来定位。而是利用名词或充当定语的形容词定位;

而且定位词一定是有效的，它一定不是在文章中多处出现的词，而是概念较小，只是在特定位置讨论的词。所以常常使用数字、专有名词、特殊符号，【如冒号、引号】等来定位。

另外，除了定位词，考生也应该在阅读中学会抓住信号词提前定位。这是指考生在阅读中根据信号词抓住常常出题的位置，先把这些位置作为题目解答的定位范围，然后在答题时在这个范围内寻找信息。

常见的这类信号词有显示相同信息的信号词、显示思路转折的信号词、显示因果关系的信号词、显示顺序的信号词、表示结论/总结的信号词等。